1812–13 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1812–13 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 3, 1812, and April 30, 1813. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 13th United States Congress convened on May 24, 1813. They coincided with James Madison being re-elected president.

With the addition of the new state of Louisiana's at-large seat, along with the 39-seat gain as a result of the congressional reapportionment based on the 1810 United States census, the size of the House increased to 182 seats. Most relative population growth was in the West.

After America's entry into the War of 1812 against Britain, the Democratic-Republican and Federalist parties maintained pro-war and anti-war positions, respectively. Democratic-Republican representatives supported by voters in agrarian regions and Southern and Western states promoted war, asserting that Britain had violated American sovereignty and that despite Britain's strength, war was a manageable risk. Federalists and their supporters in New England and more densely populated Eastern districts opposed the war, citing likely damage to American trade and infrastructure.

This election saw significant voter support shift to the declining Federalists for the last time, almost entirely in New England, New York, and New Jersey. Despite this shift, Federalists did not approach national political recovery, House control, or meaningful policy influence.

Election summaries Following the 1810 census, the House was reapportioned, adding 39 new seats.

+ ↓ 114 68 Democratic-Republican Federalist

State Type Date Totalseats Democratic-Republican Federalist Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Kentucky District August 3, 1812 10 4 10 4 0 Rhode Island At-large August 25, 1812 2 0 2 New Hampshire At-large August 31, 1812 6 1 0 4 6 5 Vermont At-large September 1, 1812 6 2 6 3 0 1 Connecticut At-large September 21, 1812 7 0 7 Louisiana At-large September 28–30, 1812 1 1 0 Georgia At-large October 5, 1812 6 2 6 2 0 Delaware At-large October 6, 1812 2 1 0 2 1 Maryland Districts October 12, 1812 9 6 3 South Carolina Districts October 12–13, 1812 9 1 9 1 0 Ohio Districts October 13, 1812 6 5 6 5 0 Pennsylvania Districts 23 5 22 5 1 Massachusetts Districts November 5, 1812 20 3 4 5 16 8 New York Districts December 15–17, 1812 27 10 9 3 18 13 New Jersey Districts January 12–13, 1813 6 2 4 4 4 Late elections (after the March 4, 1813, beginning of the next Congress) Virginia Districts April 1813 23 1 17 6 1 Tennessee Districts April 1–2, 1813 6 3 6 3 0 North Carolina Districts April 30, 1813 13 1 10 3 1 Total 182 39 114 7 68 32

Special elections

There were special elections in 1812 and 1813 to the 12th United States Congress and 13th United States Congress.

Special elections are sorted by date then district.

12th Congress

! | Howell Cobb | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | | Incumbent resigned before October 1812 to accept a captain's commission in the U.S. Army.New member elected October 5, 1812 and seated November 27, 1812.Democratic-Republican hold.Winner also elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap |

13th Congress

| | Election successfully challenged.Democratic-Republican gain. | Isaac Williams Jr. (Democratic-Republican)

Connecticut

Connecticut elected its members September 21, 1812. Its apportionment was unchanged after the 1810 census.

Delaware

Delaware gained a seat after the 1810 census, and chose to elect both seats on a general ticket. The ten years between 1813 and 1823 were the only time when Delaware was represented by more than one Representative, and is one of only three states (the other two being Alaska and Wyoming) that have never been divided into districts.

Delaware elected its members October 6, 1812.

| colspan=3 | None (seat added) | | New seat.Federalist gain.

Georgia

Georgia gained two seats after the 1810 census.

Georgia elected its members October 5, 1812.

| Howell Cobb | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | | Incumbent resigned before October 1812 to accept a captain's commission in the U.S. Army.Democratic-Republican hold.Successor elected the same day to finish the current term; see above.

| colspan=3 | None (seat added) | | New seat.Democratic-Republican gain.

Illinois Territory See Non-voting delegates, below.

Indiana Territory See Non-voting delegates, below.

Kentucky

Kentucky gained four seats after the 1810 census.

Georgia elected its members August 3, 1812.

Louisiana

Louisiana held its election for the 13th Congress September 28–30, 1812, at the same time as the election for the 12th Congress, with nearly-identical results.

12th Congress

! | colspan=3 | None (new state) | | New district, seat created.New member elected September 28–30, 1812 and seated December 23, 1812.Democratic-Republican gain.Winner elected on the same ballot to the next term; see below. | nowrap |

13th Congress

Maryland

Maryland's apportionment was unchanged. It elected its members October 12, 1812.

Massachusetts

Massachusetts gained three seats after the 1810 census, all of which were added to the District of Maine. Its elections were held November 5, 1812, but since Massachusetts law required a majority for election, which was not met in the , a second ballot was held there January 6, 1813.

! | Charles Turner Jr. | | Democratic-Republican | 1808

1812–13 United States House of Representatives elections

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