The 1808–09 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between April 26, 1808, and May 5, 1809. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 11th United States Congress convened on May 22, 1809. They coincided with James Madison being elected as president. Elections were held for all 142 seats, representing 17 states.

Despite Madison's victory, voters in districts whose economies were driven by shipping or manufacturing rather than agriculture shifted to the Federalist Party. The reasons for this shift were the unpopularity of the Embargo Act of 1807 and fears that Democratic-Republican Party policies could trigger a naval war with the First French Empire or Britain. The politically dominant Democratic-Republicans won their smallest majority since the pivotal, realigning election of 1800.

Election summaries

+ ↓ 94 48 Democratic-Republican Federalist

State Type Date Totalseats Democratic-Republican Federalist Seats Change Seats Change New York Districts April 26–28, 1808 17 9 6 8 6 Kentucky Districts August 1, 1808 6 6 0 North Carolina Districts August 12, 1808 12 9 2 3 2 New Hampshire At-large August 29, 1808 5 0 5 5 5 Rhode Island At-large August 30, 1808 2 0 2 2 2 Vermont Districts September 6, 1808 4 1 1 3 1 Connecticut At-large September 19, 1808 7 0 7 Georgia At-large October 3, 1808 4 4 0 Maryland Districts 9 6 3 Delaware At-large October 4, 1808 1 0 1 South Carolina Districts October 10–11, 1808 8 8 0 Ohio At-large October 11, 1808 1 1 0 Pennsylvania Districts 18 16 1 2 1 Massachusetts Districts November 7, 1808 17 8 3 9 3 New Jersey At-large November 7–8, 1808 6 6 0 Late elections (after the March 4, 1809, beginning of the next Congress) Virginia Districts April 1809 22 17 4 5 4 Tennessee Districts May 4–5, 1809 3 3 0 Total 142 94 23 48 23

Special elections

There were special elections in 1808 and 1809 during the 10th United States Congress and 11th United States Congress.

Elections are sorted here by date then district.

10th Congress

! | John Culpepper | | Federalist | 1806 | | Seat declared vacant January 2, 1808, due to a contest on account of alleged irregularities.Incumbent re-elected February 1, 1808 and re-seated February 23, 1808.Incumbent later lost re-election; see below. | nowrap |

! | Ezra Darby | | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | | Incumbent died January 27, 1808.New member elected March 8–9, 1808 and seated April 1, 1808.Democratic-Republican hold.Winner later elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap |

! | David Thomas | | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | | Incumbent resigned February 5, 1808, to become New York State Treasurer.New member elected April 26–28, 1808 and seated November 7, 1808.Democratic-Republican hold.Winner also lost election to the next term in the redistricted ; see below. | nowrap |

! | Jacob Crowninshield | | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | | Incumbent died April 15, 1808.New member elected May 4, 1808 and seated December 20, 1808.Democratic-Republican hold.Winner later retired instead of running for the next term; see below. | nowrap |

! | Nehemiah Knight | | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | | Incumbent died June 13, 1808.New member elected August 30, 1808 and seated November 11, 1808.Federalist gain.Winner also elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap |

! | James Witherell | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | | Incumbent resigned May 1, 1808, to become judge of the Supreme Court of Michigan Territory.New member elected September 6, 1808 and seated November 8, 1808.Democratic-Republican hold.Winner also elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap |

! | John Claiborne | | Democratic-Republican | 1805 | | Incumbent died October 9, 1808.New member elected September 8, 1808 and seated November 7, 1808.Democratic-Republican hold.Winner later elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap |

! | Benjamin Parke | | Federalist | 1805 | | Incumbent resigned March 1, 1808.New delegate elected October 22, 1808.Democratic-Republican gain. | nowrap |

! | Joseph Clay | | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | | Incumbent resigned March 28, 1808.New member elected October 11, 1808 and seated November 16, 1808.Democratic-Republican hold.Winner also elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap |

11th Congress

! | Benjamin Say | | Democratic-Republican | 1808 | | Incumbent resigned June 1809.New member elected October 10, 1809 and seated November 27, 1809.Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap |

! | Wilson C. Nicholas | | Democratic-Republican | 1807 | | Incumbent resigned November 27, 1809.New member elected December 1809 and seated January 17, 1810.Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap |

Connecticut

! rowspan=7 | | Epaphroditus Champion | | Federalist | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected. | rowspan=7 nowrap | :

| Samuel W. Dana | | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent re-elected.

| John Davenport | | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected.

| Jonathan O. Moseley | | Federalist | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected.

| Timothy Pitkin | | Federalist | 1805 | Incumbent re-elected.

| Lewis B. Sturges | | Federalist | 1805 | Incumbent re-elected.

| Benjamin Tallmadge | | Federalist | 1801 | Incumbent re-elected.

Delaware

! | Nicholas Van Dyke | | Federalist | 1807 | | Incumbent retired.Federalist hold. | nowrap |

Georgia

! rowspan=4 | | William W. Bibb | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected. | rowspan=4 nowrap | :

| George M. Troup | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected.

| Howell Cobb | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected.

| Dennis Smelt | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected.

Indiana Territory See Non-voting delegates, below.

Kentucky

! | Matthew Lyon | | Democratic-Republican | 1797 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | John Boyle | | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap |

! | John Rowan | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap |

! | Richard M. Johnson | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Benjamin Howard | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Joseph Desha | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

Maryland

! | John Campbell | | Federalist | 1801 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Archibald Van Horne | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Philip Barton Key | | Federalist | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Roger Nelson | | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! rowspan=2 | | Nicholas R. Moore | | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | rowspan=2 nowrap |

| William McCreery | | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic-Republican hold.

! | John Montgomery | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Edward Lloyd | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap |

! | Charles Goldsborough | | Federalist | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

Massachusetts

! | Josiah Quincy | | Federalist | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Joseph Story | | Democratic-Republican | 1808 | | Incumbent retired.Federalist gain. | nowrap |

! | Edward St. Loe Livermore | | Federalist | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Joseph Bradley Varnum | | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | William Ely | | Federalist | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Samuel Taggart | | Federalist | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Joseph Barker | | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | | Incumbent retired.Two ballots were held, but the second was invalidated.Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap |

! | Isaiah L. Green | | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap |

! | Josiah Dean | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | | Lost re-electionFederalist gain. | nowrap |

! | Jabez Upham | | Federalist | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | William Stedman | | Federalist | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Ezekiel Bacon | | Democratic-Republican | 1807 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Ebenezer Seaver | | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Richard Cutts | | Democratic-Republican | 1801 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Daniel Ilsley | | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | | Lost re-electionFederalist gain. | nowrap |

! | Orchard Cook | | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | John Chandler | | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap |

Mississippi Territory See Non-voting delegates, below.

New Hampshire

! rowspan=5 | | Peter Carleton | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | | Incumbent retired.Federalist gain. | nowrap rowspan=5 | :

| Daniel M. Durell | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Federalist gain.

| Francis Gardner | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Federalist gain.

| Jedediah K. Smith | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Federalist gain.

| Clement Storer | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Federalist gain.

New Jersey

! rowspan=6 | | Adam Boyd | | Democratic-Republican | 1808 | Incumbent re-elected. | rowspan=6 nowrap | :

| Thomas Newbold | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected.

| William Helms | | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Incumbent re-elected.

| John Lambert | | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic-Republican hold.

| Henry Southard | | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Incumbent re-elected.

| James Sloan | | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic-Republican hold.

New York

Between the 1806 and 1808 elections, New York went through a redistricting that reduced the number of districts to 15 by creating two plural districts with two seats each. This brought the state's 17-seat delegation from a 15-2 ratio favoring Democratic-Republicans to a nearly-even 9–8 split in their favor.

! | Samuel Riker | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap |

! rowspan=2 | | Gurdon S. Mumford | | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected but declined the seat. | rowspan=2 nowrap |

| George Clinton Jr. | | Democratic-Republican | 1805 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic-Republican hold.

! rowspan=2 | | John Blake Jr. | | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic-Republican hold. | rowspan=2 nowrap | |- | Philip Van Cortlandt | | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic-Republican loss.

! | Daniel C. Verplanck | | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | | Incumbent retired.Federalist gain. | nowrap |

! | Barent Gardenier | | Federalist | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! rowspan=3 | | James I. Van Alen | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Federalist gain. | rowspan=3 nowrap |

| Josiah Masters | | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | | Incumbent retired.Federalist gain.

| Nathan Wilson | | Democratic-Republican | 1808 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic-Republican loss.

! | Killian Van Rensselaer | | Federalist | 1800 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | John Thompson | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

! | Peter Swart | | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | | Incumbent retired.Federalist gain. | nowrap |

! | colspan=3 | None (new district) | | New seat.Democratic-Republican gain. | nowrap |

! | colspan=3 | None (new district) | | New seat.Federalist gain. | nowrap |

! | John Russell