Toledo is one of the 59 constituencies represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the . The constituency (whose boundaries correspond to those of the homonymous province) elects four senators. The electoral system uses open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. Electors can vote for up to three candidates.

Electoral system The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Law and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Law provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Senate,. with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales..

Voting is based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they have not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence.. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.; . Amendments in 2011 required non-resident citizens to apply for voting, a system known as "begged" voting ().. which was abolished in 2022. Further, amendments in 2018 granted the right to vote to those legally incapacitated. 209 Senate seats (207 in 1977, 208 from 1978 to 2026) are elected using open-list partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing four seats can choose up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, up to two; and in single-member districts, one. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces is allocated four seats, while in insular provinces—such as the Balearic and Canary Islands—the districts are the islands themselves, with the larger ones (Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife) being allocated three seats each, and the smaller ones (Menorca, Ibiza, Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma) one each. Ceuta and Melilla elect two seats each.; ; . Until 1985, the law also provided for by-elections to fill Senate seats vacated up to two years into the legislature; subsequently, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term are filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.; .

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance are required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call—15 before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. Also since 2011, parties, federations or alliances that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.; . Amendments in 2007 required a balanced composition of men and women in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition; further amendments in 2024 required the use of a zipper system..

Senators Senators for Toledo 1977– Legislature Election Distribution Constituent 1977 2 2 1st 1979 1 3 2nd 1982 3 1 3rd 1986 3 1 4th 1989 3 1 5th 1993 3 1 6th 1996 1 3 7th 2000 1 3 8th 2004 2 2 9th 2008 1 3 10th 2011 1 3 11th 2015 1 3 12th 2016 1 3 13th 2019 (Apr) 3 1 14th 2019 (Nov) 2 2 15th 2023 1 3

General elections 2023 + Summary of the 23 July 2023 Senate of Spain election results Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote Votes % Vicente Tirado Ochoa PP 151,883 39.89 Israel Roberto Pérez Jiménez PP 148,264 38.94 Carmen Riolobos Regadera PP 147,039 38.62 José Manuel Tofiño Pérez PSOE 129,407 33.99 • María Montserrat Muro Martín PSOE 126,022 33.10 • María Luisa Rodríguez García PSOE 122,363 32.14 • Josefina Blázquez Sánchez Vox 63,875 16.77 • Raúl Corvera Córdoba Vox 60,910 15.99 • Laura Félix Sánchez-Vallejo Vox 59,024 15.50 • Irene Arcalá Tarriño Sumar 31,273 8.21 • Verónica Mora Laguna Sumar 26,199 6.88 • Juan Antonio Muñoz Gutiérrez Sumar 24,020 6.30 • Alicia Aguilera Campos PACMA 3,924 1.03 • José Javier Alonso Gómez PACMA 2,417 0.63 • Ana María García Marcos PACMA 2,254 0.59 • Nacol Rosario Antigua PUM+J 1,141 0.29 • José Alejandro García Sancho FE de las JONS 1,021 0.26 • Florián Muñoz Del Moral Recortes Cero 840 0.22 Blank ballots 5,316 1.39 Total 1,107,192 Valid votes 380,703 97.34 Invalid votes 10,394 2.65 Votes cast / turnout 391,097 73.88 Abstentions 138,243 26.11 Registered voters 529,340 Sources November 2019 + Summary of the 10 November 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Toledo Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote Votes % José Julián Gregorio López PP 126,803 35.45 María Pilar Alía Aguado PP 122,152 34.15 Félix Ortega Fernández PSOE 117,567 32.86 Montserrat Muro Martín PSOE 115,444 32.27 • José Manuel Tofiño Pérez PSOE 113,390 31.70 • Pablo José Corrales Aragón PP 101,699 28.43 • Josefina Blázquez Sánchez Vox 72,632 20.30 • Begoña Molina Rodríguez Cs 32,152 8.99 • Manuel Dorado Martín Podemos–IU 32,096 8.97 • Jorge Vega Martín Podemos–IU 29,111 8.14 • María Jesús Villafruela Matilla Podemos–IU 28,682 8.02 • Jorge Fernández Torres Cs 25,701 7.18 • Rafael Cano García Cs 23,292 6.51 • María Esther Durán González PACMA 5,606 1.57 • Luis Felipe Domínguez Domínguez PACMA 3,569 1.00 • Laura María Herranz Menezo PUM+J 1,368 0.38 • Pedro Manuel Soriano Galán R. Cero–GV–PCAS–TC 1,119 0.31 • Joaquín Vicente García PCPE 1,049 0.29 • Pedro Luis Cano Claret PUM+J 668 0.19 • Alicia Martínez-Clavel Martínez PUM+J 622 0.17 Blank ballots 5,765 1.61 Total 357,735 Valid votes 357,735 97.31 Invalid votes 9,891 2.69 Votes cast / turnout 367,626 69.92 Abstentions 158,126 30.08 Registered voters 525,752 Sources

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1977

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