Valencia is one of the 59 constituencies represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the . The constituency (whose boundaries correspond to those of the homonymous province) elects four senators. The electoral system uses open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. Electors can vote for up to three candidates.

Electoral system The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Law and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Law provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Senate,. with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales..

Voting is based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they have not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence.. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.; . Amendments in 2011 required non-resident citizens to apply for voting, a system known as "begged" voting ().. which was abolished in 2022. Further, amendments in 2018 granted the right to vote to those legally incapacitated. 209 Senate seats (207 in 1977, 208 from 1978 to 2026) are elected using open-list partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing four seats can choose up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, up to two; and in single-member districts, one. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces is allocated four seats, while in insular provinces—such as the Balearic and Canary Islands—the districts are the islands themselves, with the larger ones (Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife) being allocated three seats each, and the smaller ones (Menorca, Ibiza, Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma) one each. Ceuta and Melilla elect two seats each.; ; . Until 1985, the law also provided for by-elections to fill Senate seats vacated up to two years into the legislature; subsequently, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term are filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.; .

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance are required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call—15 before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. Also since 2011, parties, federations or alliances that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.; . Amendments in 2007 required a balanced composition of men and women in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition; further amendments in 2024 required the use of a zipper system..

Senators Senators for Valencia 1977– Legislature Election Distribution Constituent 1977 3 1 1st 1979 2 2 2nd 1982 3 1 3rd 1986 3 1 4th 1989 3 1 5th 1993 2 2 6th 1996 1 3 7th 2000 1 3 8th 2004 1 3 9th 2008 1 3 10th 2011 1 3 11th 2015 1 3 12th 2016 1 3 13th 2019 (Apr) 3 1 14th 2019 (Nov) 2 2 15th 2023 2 2

General elections 2023 + Summary of the 23 July 2023 Senate of Spain election results Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote Votes % Estela Del Carmen Darocas Marin PP 493,999 35.42 Juan Antonio Sagredo Marco PSOE 487,351 34.94 Luis Javier Santamaría Ruiz PP 477,173 34.21 Cristina Moreno Fernández PSOE 473,050 33.92 • Rubén Moreno Palanques PP 466,658 33.46 • Mario Sánchez González PSOE 433,375 31.07 • Ignacio Blanco Giner Sumar 219,787 15.76 • Mariam Varea Grau Sumar 197,267 14.14 • Marina Dabán Alonso Vox 182,794 13.10 • Lola Seres García Sumar 177,204 12.70 • María del Carmen Valero Fauli Vox 169,453 12.15 • Eduardo Rafael Tellez Ruiz Vox 164,746 11.81 • María Elena García Pelló PACMA 21,141 1.51 • Juan Cruz Rodenas PACMA 11,574 0.82 • Sarita Jaramillo Duque PACMA 10,741 0.77 • Luis María de Mazarredo Aznar PUM+J 4,357 0.31 • Ximo Cunyà i Alcover EVB 3,902 0.27 • Ricardo Puchades Pérez Recortes Cero 3,153 0.22 • Eva Yolanda Del Amo Davó Recortes Cero 2,053 0.14 • José Portales Talavera FE de las JONS 1,717 0.12 • Jorge Molina Salazar CJ 1,619 0.11 • José Francisco Crespo Albiach Recortes Cero 1,297 0.09 • María Desamparados Escriba Blasco CJ 1,134 0.08 • José Manuel Jordán Cervera CJ 735 0.05 Blank ballots 21,135 1.51 Total 4027415 Valid votes 1,394,533 98.10 Invalid votes 26,921 1.89 Votes cast / turnout 1,421,454 74.66 Abstentions 482,345 25.33 Registered voters 1903799 Sources November 2019 + Summary of the 10 November 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Valencia Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote Votes % Javier de Lucas Martín PSOE 392,987 28.75 Fernando de Rosa Torner PP 392,210 28.70 Mercedes Berenguer Llorens PSOE 382,882 28.01 Rubén Moreno Palanques PP 369,385 27.03 • Pedro Rodríguez Navarro PSOE 367,657 26.90 • Susana Camarero Benítez PP 323,799 23.69 • Ricardo Belda Valiente Vox 219,548 16.06 • Susana Ruiz Vives Podemos–EUPV 182,392 13.34 • Ester Roca Laborda Podemos–EUPV 156,824 11.47 • Luis Escobar de la Paz Podemos–EUPV 140,331 10.27 • Dolors Pérez Martí Més Compromís 128,349 9.39 • Fernando Mulas Delgado Cs 126,072 9.22 • Ignacio Cartagena Sinisterra Cs 103,984 7.61 • Inmaculada Ester Redondo Cebolla Cs 101,827 7.45 • Xavier Hervàs Martínez Més Compromís 100,088 7.32 • Raquel Vallés Navarro Més Compromís 92,663 6.78 • Valeri Esteban San Julián PACMA 26,357 1.93 • María Carmen Jachán Sánchez PACMA 22,175 1.62 • Carlos Naranjo González PACMA 15,540 1.14 • Roberto José Lázaro del Barrio Avant/Adelante–LVEP 7,606 0.56 • Manuel Mocholí Aznar UiG–Som–CUIDES 7,058 0.52 • Vicent Ruiz Navarro ERPV 5,605 0.41 • Ricardo Puchades Pérez Recortes Cero–GV 3,477 0.25 • Elodia Veracruz Poquet Victoria Recortes Cero–GV 1,877 0.14 • Simeón Lezcano Serrano PCPE 1,782 0.13 • Mario de Juan Alemany Recortes Cero–GV 1,335 0.10 • Ocran García Martínez PUM+J 1,246 0.09 • Enrique Terrado Martínez aUna CV 817 0.06 • Juan José Ramírez Pérez Contigo 635 0.05 • María del Carmen Marín Pérez Contigo 523 0.04 • José Manuel Alejos Tordera Contigo 440 0.03 • Rafael Vélez Romero Unidos SI–ACPS–DEf 401 0.03 Blank ballots 24,650 1.80 Total 1,366,747 Valid votes 1,366,747 97.86 Invalid votes 29,835 2.14 Votes cast / turnout 1,396,582 70.89 Abstentions 573,614 29.11 Registered voters 1,970,196 Sources

April 2019

2016

2015

2011

2008

2004

2000

1996

1993

1989

1986

1982

1979

1977

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