Aluminium oxynitride (marketed under the name ALON by Surmet Corporation) is a transparent ceramic composed of aluminium, oxygen and nitrogen. Aluminium oxynitride is optically transparent (≥80% for 2 mm thickness) in the near-ultraviolet, visible, and mid-wave-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is four times as hard as fused silica glass, the same hardness of 9 as sapphire, and nearly 115% as hard as magnesium aluminate spinel. It can be fabricated into transparent windows, plates, domes, rods, tubes, and other forms using conventional ceramic powder processing techniques.
Aluminium oxynitride is the hardest polycrystalline transparent ceramic available commercially.Mohan Ramisetty et al. Transparent Polycrystalline Spinels Protect and Defend, American Ceramic Society Bulletin, vol.92, 2, 20–24 (2013) Because of its relatively low weight, distinctive optical and mechanical properties, and resistance to oxidation or radiation, it shows promise for applications such as bulletproof, blast-resistant, and optoelectronic windows. Aluminium oxynitride–based armor has been shown to stop multiple armor-piercing projectiles of up to .50 BMG.
Properties Aluminium oxynitride is resistant to various acids, bases, and water.
Mechanical Aluminium oxynitride has the following mechanical properties:
Compressive strength 2.68 GPa Flexural strength 0.38–0.7 GPa Fracture toughness 2.0 MPa·m Knoop hardness 1800 kg/mm2 (0.2 kg load) Poisson ratio 0.24 Shear modulus 135 GPa Young's modulus 334 GPa
Thermal and optical Aluminium oxynitride has the following thermal and optical properties:
Specific heat 0.781 J/(g·K) Thermal conductivity 12.3 W/(m·K) Thermal expansion coefficient ~4.7/K Transparency range 200–5000 nm
Applications Aluminium oxynitride is used for infrared-optical windows, with greater than 80% transparency for 2 mm thickness at wavelengths below about 4 micrometers, dropping to near zero at about 6 micrometers. It has also been demonstrated as an interface passivation layer in some semiconductor-related applications.
Aluminium oxynitride has less than half the weight and thickness of glass-based transparent armor.Security News (2015-06-03). Optically Clear Aluminium Provides Bulletproof Protection. TSS, 3 June 2015. Retrieved on 2015-07-10. . Aluminium oxynitride armor of thickness is capable of stopping .50 BMG armor-piercing rounds, which can penetrate of traditional glass laminate.
In 2005, the United States Air Force began testing aluminium-oxynitride-based armor.
Manufacture Aluminium oxynitride can be fabricated as windows, plates, domes, rods, tubes and other forms using conventional ceramic powder processing techniques. Its composition can vary slightly: the aluminium content from about 30% to 36%, which has been reported to affect the bulk and shear moduli by only 1–2%. The fabricated greenware is subjected to heat treatment (densification) at elevated temperatures followed by grinding and polishing to transparency. It can withstand temperatures of about in inert atmospheres. The grinding and polishing substantially improves the impact resistance and other mechanical properties of armor.Joseph M. Wahl et al. Recent Advances in ALON Optical Ceramic, Surmet
Patents Patents related to aluminium oxynitride include:
Aluminium oxynitride having improved optical characteristics and method of manufacture TM Hartnett, RL Gentilman , 1984 Process for producing polycrystalline cubic aluminium oxynitride JW McCauley , 1980 Transparent aluminium oxynitride and method of manufacture RL Gentilman, EA Maguire , 1985; , 1988 Transparent aluminium oxynitride-based ceramic article JP Mathers , 1993
See also Aluminium nitride Corundum Transparent aluminum (material in Star Trek) Transparent ceramics
References
External links Lior Miller and Wayne D. Kaplan (2006). "Solubility Limits of La and Y in Aluminum Oxynitride (AlON) at 1870°C". Haifa, Israel: Department of Materials Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. Yechezkel Ashuach (2003). The Influence of Sintering Additives on the Microstructure and Properties of ALON. Master's thesis. Technion – Israel Institute of Technology.