Martiniano is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
José Martiniano Pereira de Alencar (1794–1860), Brazilian politician, journalist and priest Leonel Martiniano de Alencar, 1st Baron of Alencar (1832–1921), Brazilian noble, lawyer, politician and diplomat Martiniano Chilavert (1798–1852), Argentine military officer Martiniano Leguizamón (1858–1935), Argentine lawyer and writer Martiniano Moreno (born 2003), Argentine professional footballer Rafael Martiniano de Miranda Moura (born 1983), Brazilian footballer Martiniano Urriola (1823–1888), Chilean colonel in the War of the Pacific
See also Martiniano Ferreira Botelho, town and municipality in the Vila Real district in northern Portugal