Electronic literature is a defined as "born digital" works that use to create artistic literary effects with an expanded repertoire that goes well beyond words.
See the overall links to electronic literature authors, critics, resources, and works.
Names not yet covered by Wikipedia articles should be adequately referenced. This is an ongoing Wikipedia Project.)
Early prototype electronic literature writers Electronic literature involves works that incorporate extra elements, such as visual or aural components, as an integral part of the work. Proto-electronic literature writers include: Theresa Hak Kyung Cha. Concrete poetry is also an early precursor for electronic literature.
Creative authors
A Antoni Abad (born 1956) is a Spanish artist who began his career as a sculptor, and evolved over time towards video art and later in net.art and other forms of new media. Annie Abrahams (born 1954) is a Dutch performance artist specializing in Video installations and internet based performances, often deriving from collective writings and collective interaction. Kathy Acker (1947–1997) was an American experimental novelist, poet, playwright, essayist, critic, performance artist, and postmodernist writer, known for her idiosyncratic and transgressive writing that dealt with complex themes such as childhood trauma, sexuality, language, identity, and rebellion. Mabel Addis (1912–2004) was an American writer, teacher and the first video game writer. Amy Alexander an artist and researcher working in audio/visual performance, interactive art and software art, under a number of pseudonyms including VJ Übergeek and Cue P. Doll. Naomi Alderman (born 1974) is an English novelist, game writer, and television executive producer. Laurie Anderson (born 1947) is an American avant-garde artist, musician and filmmaker whose work encompasses performance art, pop music, and multimedia projects. Anna Anthropy is an American video game designer, role-playing game designer, and interactive fiction author whose works include Mighty Jill Off and Dys4ia. Kate Armstrong is a Canadian artist, writer and curator with a history of projects focusing on experimental literary practices, networks and public space. Robert Arellano (born 1969) is an American writer, musician and educator from Talent, Oregon.
B Pat Badani is a Canadian interdisciplinary artist, writer/editor, and researcher whose works promote ecological balance and sustainable human-world relations. Cheryl Ball (born 1973) is an independent academic and scholar in rhetoric, composition, and publishing studies, and executive director for the Council of Editors of Learned Journals (CELJ). Zoe Beloff (born 1958) is an artist residing in New York who works primarily in installation art, film, and drawing. Caroline Bergvall (born 1962) is a French-Norwegian poet who has lived in England since 1989, and whose work includes adapting Old English and Old Norse texts into audio text and sound art performances. Lillian-Yvonne Bertram is an American poet known for their work on poetry and digital storytelling. Mark Bernstein is an American publisher, scholar, and writer of hypertext/electronic literature. Carroll Parrott Blue (1943–2019) was an American filmmaker, director and author. Stephanie Boluk is an academic, and game designer. Research areas include game studies, game design, media studies, computer history, and electronic literature. Natalie Bookchin is an artist based in Brooklyn, New York, and is well known for her work in media. Serge Bouchardon, Loss of Grasp, is a writer and research based in Paris, France. Laura Borràs (born 1970) is a Spanish philologist, academic and politician from Catalonia. Amaranth Borsuk (born 1981) is an American poet and educator known for her experiments with textual materiality and digital poetry. Mez Breeze is an Australian-based artist and practitioner of net.art, working primarily with code poetry, electronic literature, mezangelle, and digital games. Amy Briggs (born 1962) is an American video game implementor known for creating Plundered Hearts, an interactive fiction computer game published by Infocom in 1987. Jennifer Brozek (born 1970) is an American freelance author, game design writer, editor, and small press publisher. Nancy Buchanan (born 1946) is an American visual artist, known for her work in installation, performance, and video art. She played a central role in the feminist art movement in Los Angeles in the 1970s. Oni Buchanan (born 1975) is an American poet, and pianist.
C Janet Cardiff (born 1957) is a Canadian artist who works chiefly with sound and sound installations, often in collaboration with her husband and partner George Bures Miller. J. R. Carpenter (born 1972) is a British-Canadian artist, writer, and researcher working across performance, print, and digital media. John Cayley (born 1956) is a Canadian pioneer of writing in digital media as well as a theorist of the practice, a poet, and a professor of Literary Arts at Brown University since 2007. Lynn Cherny (born 1967) is a Boston-based data analysis consultant specialized in data mining and analysis, customer research, and interface design. Lynda Clark (born 1981) is an author and creator of interactive fiction. Her short story, "Ghillie's Mum" won the Commonwealth Short Story Prize for Europe and Canada in 2018, and was shortlisted for the BBC National Short Story Award in 2019. Robert Coover (1932–2024) was an American novelist, short story writer, and T. B. Stowell Professor Emeritus in Literary Arts at Brown University. He is generally considered a writer of fabulation and metafiction. He became a proponent of electronic literature and was a founder of the Electronic Literature Organization. Allison Craighead (born 1971) is a London-based visual artist, who works with video, sound, and the internet. Kathryn Cramer (born 1962) is an American science fiction writer, Literary editor, and literary critic. Jackie Craven is an American poet and author with a broad background in arts and the humanities.
D Sharon Daniel is a digital media artist and a professor in the Film and Digital Media department and serves as chair for the Digital Arts and New Media MFA program at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Gloriana Davenport (born 1944) is an American artist, media maker, and conservationist. Caterina Davinio (born 1957) is an Italian poet, novelist and new media artist. Francesca da Rimini (aka Doll Yoko or GashGirl) is an Australian artist. Christy Dena is an Australian writer, game designer, and scholar. Her scholarship and design practice in transmedia storytelling has been widely cited, especially for promoting the term "cross-media storytelling". Adriana De Souza is a Brazilian/American communication professor, information technologist, academic, and the author of several books on mobile communication, mobile art, and games. Debra Di Blasi (born 1957) is a teacher, an artist, and award-winning multi-genre author. William Dickey (1928–1994) was a pioneer in HyperCard poetry Claire Dinsmore (born 1961) is a new media and crafts artist. Claire Donato (born 1986) is an American writer and multidisciplinary artist based in Brooklyn, NY. J. Yellowlees Douglas (born 1962) is a pioneer author and scholar of hypertext fiction. Tony Dove is an artist known for creating unique and highly imaginative embodied hybrids of film, installation, and performance, in which performers and participants use interface technologies like motion sensing to interact with unfolding narratives and "perform" on-screen avatars. Johanna Drucker (born 1952) is an American author, book artist, visual theorist, and cultural critic. Jacek Dukaj (born 1974) is a Polish science fiction and fantasy writer. Kate Durbin is an American, Los Angeles, California-based writer, digital and performance artist.
E Jorge Eduardo Eielson was a Peruvian writer and pioneer in merging poetry with computer algorithms in the 1970s. Lori Emerson is an associate professor at the University of Colorado at Boulder and founder of the Media Archaeology Lab, a museum dedicated to obsolete technologies spanning from the late nineteenth century to the twenty-first century. She is known for her work in media archaeology, digital preservation, and digital archives. Astrid Ensslin is a German digital culture scholar, and Professor of Dynamics of Virtual Communication Spaces at the University of Regensburg. Ensslin is known for her work on digital fictions and video games, and her development of narratological theory to encompass digital narratives. Heid E. Erdrich (born 1963) is a poet, editor, and writer. Tina Escaja (born 1965) is a Spanish-American writer, activist, feminist scholar and digital artist based in Burlington, Vermont.
F Edward Falco is an American author, playwright, electronic literature writer, and new media editor. Natalia Fedorova is a new media scholar, artist, and translator. Her works include avant-garde poetry, kinetic poetry, concrete poetry, hyperfiction, literary text generators and video poetry. Angela Ferraiolo is a systems artist, writer, and filmmaker working with adaptive systems, noise, randomness, & generative processes. Her artwork explores open-endedness, self-organization, morphogenesis, and adaptive processes. Caitlin Fisher is a Canadian media artist, poet, writer, futurist and Professor of Cinema and Media Arts at York University in Toronto where she also directs the Immersive Storytelling Lab and the Augmented Reality Lab. Kathleen Fitzpatrick is an American scholar of digital humanities and media studies. Mary Flanagan is an American artist, author, educator, and designer in the field of game studies. She is the founding director of the research laboratory and design studio Tiltfactor Lab at Dartmouth College. Vera Frenkel RCA FRSC (born 1938) is a Canadian multidisciplinary artist based in Toronto. Her installations, videotapes, performances and new media projects address the forces at work in human migration, the learning and unlearning of cultural memory, and the ever-increasing bureaucratization of experience.
G Belén Gache (born 1960) is an Argentine-Spanish novelist and experimental writer. Dora García (born 1965) is a contemporary Spanish artist. García draws on interactivity and performance in her work, using the exhibition space as a platform to investigate the relationship between artwork, audience, and place. Jacalyn Lopez Garcia (born 1953) is a multimedia Chicana artist and activist, whose work focuses on photography and digital art. Alex Gil (born 1973) is a scholar of digital humanities and Caribbean studies. Loss Pequeño Glazier is the creator of books of print poetry, digital poems, theoretical texts, and performance works. Glazier stands among literary figures at the "forefront of the digital poetics movement. Samantha Gorman is an American game developer known for her combination of narrative, theatricality and gaming in VR environments, and for introducing gestural interactions in touchscreen narratives. Jo-Anne Green (born 1959) is a printmaker, visual artist, artist, arts administrator, writer, and educator. Dene Grigar is a digital artist and scholar based in Vancouver, Washington. She was the president of the Electronic Literature Organization from 2013 to 2019. As director of the Electronic Literature Lab at Washington State University, Vancouver, Grigar collects, preserves, and analyzes digital media. Diane Gromala (born 1960) is a Canada Research Chair and a professor in the Simon Fraser University School of Interactive Arts and Technology. Her research works at the confluence of computer science, media art and design, and has focused on the cultural, visceral, and embodied implications of digital technologies, particularly in the realm of chronic pain.