The list of late medieval works on the Crusades provides those contemporaneous written accounts and other artifacts of the Crusades covering Crusades against Christians, the Baltic Crusades, which lasted until 1560, and the later Crusades in the Levant from the fall of Acre in 1291 through the Crusade of King Sebastian in 1578. The scope of these expeditions is provided in List of Crusades. These sources include chronicles, criticisms, personal accounts and official documents. Some of these works cover timeframes that overlap the other articles in the series Historians and histories of the Crusades. As such, these lists support the medieval historiography of the Crusades.
A number of 17th through 19th century historians published numerous collections of original sources of the Crusades. These include Recueil des historiens des croisades (RHC), Monumenta Germaniae Historica (MGH), Revue de l'Orient Latin/Archives de l’Orient Latin (ROL/AOL) and the Rolls Series. Other collections are of interest to the Crusader period include Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France (RHF), Rerum Italicarum scriptores (RISc), Patrologia Latina (MPL), Patrologia Graeco-Latina (MPG), Patrologia Orientalis (PO), Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium (CSCO) and Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society (PPTS).
Modern reference material to these sources include Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, Dictionary of National Biography, Neue Deutsche Biographie, Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages, Catholic Encyclopedia,Bréhier, Louis (1908). "Crusades (Sources and Bibliography)". In Catholic Encyclopedia. 4. New York. Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle, Encyclopædia Iranica, Encyclopædia Islamica and Encyclopaedia of Islam. Contemporary histories include the three-volume A History of the Crusades (1951–1954) by Steven Runciman; the Wisconsin collaborative study A History of the Crusades (1969–1989) edited by Kenneth M. Setton, particularly the Select Bibliography by Hans E. Mayer; Fordham University's Internet Medieval Sourcebook; and The Crusades: An Encyclopedia, edited by Alan V. Murray.
Thirteenth century The first of the Crusades against Christians was the Albigensian Crusade of 1209–1229, begun under Philip II of France and continued with Louis IX of France. After the fall of Acre in 1291, there was a significant push for a new Crusade to retake the Holy Land. Histories written after that time have typically combined a chronology with proposals for additional Crusades. This period also saw the rise of knighthood and the notion of chivalry.
William of Tudela. William of Tudela (fl. 1199 – 1214), also known as Guillaume de Tudèle, a poet who wrote in Old Occitan of the Albigensian Crusade.Guillaume de Tudèle (active 1199-1214). WorldCat Identies.
Canso de la Crozada or Song of the Albigensian Crusade (13th century).Meyer, P., Guillaume, d. Tudèle. (1879). La chanson de la croisade contre les Albigeois: commencée par Guillaume de Tudèle et continuée par un poète anonyme. Paris: Libraire Renouard. Translation by Janet Shirley in Crusade Texts in Translation, Volume 2. Carmen de expugnatione Salaciae. The Carmen de expugnatione Salaciae (Song of the Conquest of Alcácer do Sal) is a Latin epic poem in 115 elegiac couplets describing the siege of Alcácer do Sal in 1217. It was written by Goswin of Bossut (died 1238) for Soeiro Viegas, bishop of Lisbon.Afonso, Carlos (2018). "Gosuini de expugnatione Salaciae carmen: Analysing a Source Through a Strategy Theoretical Corpus". Revista de Ciências Militares. 6 (1): 41–62.
Primat of Saint-Denis. Primat of Saint-Denis (died between 1277 and 1285), a Benedictine monk and historian.Bibliothèque nationale de France {BnF Data}. "Primat (12..-1285?)".
Roman des rois (1274). The Roman des rois (Romance of Kings) was written in Old French and provides a detailed account of the reign of Louis IX of France. Roman des rois was the earliest version of the Grandes Chroniques de France.Les Archives de littérature du Moyen Âge. "Primat". La Chronique (after 1335). Latin version of Roman des rois covering only the years 1248–1277. Transcribed by French monk and translator Jean de Vignay.
David of Ashby. David of Ashby (fl. 1260 – 1275), an English-born Dominican friar who was sent from Acre to the Mongol ruler Hulagu in 1260,Jackson, Peter. "David of Ashby". Encyclopædia Iranica (2009).
Les fais des Tatars (The facts about the Tartars) (c. 1275). Description of the culture of the Tatars and their military organization and discipline.C. Brunell (1958). David d'Ashby auteur méconnu des Faits des Tartares. Romania Année 313, pgs. 39-46.
La Devise des Chemins de Babiloine. An anonymous account detailing the strengths of Mamluk armies in Egypt and Syria and gave mileages of the various routes between Cairo and the Delta ports. Prepared as an intelligence report in preparation for a future Crusade to be launched against Mamluk Cairo.Irwin, Robert. "La Devise des Chemins de Babiloine". The Crusades - An Encyclopedia. p. 356.
La Devise des Chemins de Babiloine (1289–1291). In Itinéraires à Jérusalem et descriptions de la Terre Sainte...(1882) by French historian Henri-Victor Michelant.Michelant, H. Victor, Raynaud, G. (1882). Itinéraires à Jérusalem et descriptions de la Terre Sainte rédigés en français aux XIe, XIIe & XIIIe siècles. Genève. The Devise des Chemins de Babilione redated (1994). By British historian Robert Irwin. In The Military Orders, Volume I: Fighting for the Faith and Caring for the Sick, edited by British medieval historian Malcolm Barber. Livonian Rhymed Chronicle. The Livonian Rhymed Chronicle is a chronicle written in Middle High German by an anonymous author. It covers the period 1180–1290 of the Northern Crusades and contains a wealth of detail about Livonia.Alan V. Murray (2006). Livonian Rhymed Chronicle. In Murray: The Crusades - An Encyclopedia, pg. 753.
Fidentius of Padua. Fidentius of Padua (before 1226 – after 1291), a Franciscan friar and historian."Fidenzio da Padova" in Dizionario biografico degli italiani (DBI). 1997 (47).
Liber recuperations Terre Sancte (1291). A history of the Holy Land and approaches to retaking the Kingdom of Jerusalem, delivered to pope Nicholas IV. Liber also included an adverse biography of Muhammad. In Biblioteca bio-bibliografica della Terra Santa e dell'Oriente francescano, Volume 2, edited by Girolamo Golubovich.Golubovich, G. (190627). Biblioteca bio-bibliografica della Terra Santa e dell'Oriente francescano ... Firenze.
William of Tripoli. William of Tripoli (fl. 1254–1273), a Dominican friar active as a missionary and papal nuncio in the Holy Land. He wrote two works about Islam, towards which he displayed an unusually irenic attitude for his time.O'Meara, Thomas (2008). "The Theology and Times of William of Tripoli, O.P.: A Different View of Islam". Theological Studies. 69 (1): 80–98
Notitia de Machometo (Information concerning Muḥammad) (1271), written for the future Gregory X after the failure of the Eighth Crusade. It served to describe who Muḥammad was and the early Muslim conquests; to describe the Qurʾān, its origin and author or compiler; and to describe the teachings of the Qurʾān and what it says about Christianity. It also describes the Islamic world, the caliphates and certain Islamic practices. De statu Saracenorum (On the Realm of the Saracens) (1273), continues Notitia de Machometo and discusses conversion of Muslims, it has been called a handbook for the Christian missionary on the history, law and beliefs of Islam. It may have been written in response to Gregory's papal bull Dudum super generalis of 11 March 1273.
Thaddeus of Naples. Thaddeus of Naples (fl. 1291), an Italian magister.Edgington, Susan B. "Thaddeus of Naples". The Crusades - An Encyclopedia. p. 1169.Bibliothèque nationale de France {BnF Data}. "Thaddée de Naples".
Hystoria de desolacione civitatis Acconensis (1292). A history based on eyewitness accounts of the fall of Acre of 1291, embroidered by accusations of widespread cowardice. His violent language was intentional, and the object was to shame the West into launching a new Crusade. The work ended with an appeal to the Pope, to the princes, and to the faithful to rescue the Holy Land as the Christians' heritage Hystoria de desolacione et conculcacione civitatis Acconensis et tocius Terre Sancte, in A. D. 1291 (1874). Edited by Comte Paul E. D. Riant.Thadeus, N., Riant, P. Edouard Didier (1874). Hystoria de desolacione et conculcacione civitatis Acconensis et tocius Terre Sancte, in A. D. 1291. Genevae.
Jacques Bretel. Jacques Bretel (fl. 1285), a French-language trouvère.Bibliothèque nationale de France {BnF Data}. "Jacques Bretel".Les Archives de littérature du Moyen Âge. "Jacques Bretel".
Le Tournoi de Chauvency, 2 volumes (1 + supplement) (1285). A poem concerning the Tournament of Chauvency. Held in 1285 by Louis V, Count of Chiny, the famed tournament brought together nearly 500 knights from around Europe. Participants included Rudolf I of Germany, Frederick III, Duke of Lorraine and Guy of Dampierre, Count of Flanders. A modern, however fanciful, description of the tournament can be found in The Reign of Chivalry by British historian Richard Barber.Bretex, J. (18981901). Jaques Bretex ou Bretiaus: Le tournoi de Chauvency. Mons. Roman de Castelain de Couci et de la dame de Fayel (13th century). A romantic poem using the cœur mangémotif, sometimes attributed to the 13th-century trouvère Jakemés.Jakemes (1994). Le livre des amours du chastellain de Coucy et de la dame de Fayel. Lille.
Humbert of Romans. Humbert of Romans (c. 1190 – 1277) served as the fifth Master General of the Order of Preachers from 1254 to 1263.Ott, Michael (191-). "Humbert of Romans". In Catholic Encyclopedia. 7. New York.
Opus tripartitum (1274). One of a number of texts by leading intellectuals commissioned by Gregory X to be presented at the Second Council of Lyon in 1274. This document defended church reform, promoted the philosophy of crusades, discussed the relationship of the Church to Arabs, analyzed the causes and effects of the Greek Schism, proposed ways to go about the re-establishment of Christian unity between the two wings of Christianity, and promoted the mission to the heathens.Livingstone, E. A. (2006) Humbert of Romans (2006) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 ed.). Oxford University Press.
Galvano of Levanti. Galvano of Levanti (fl. late 13th century), a physician in the papal court of Boniface VIII (1294–1303) and a propagandist.
Liber Sancti Passagii Christocolarum contra Saracenos pro recuperatione Terra Sanctae (1295). A work dedicated to Philip IV of France that called for a new Crusade. Galvano was influenced by Thaddeus of Naples' account of the fall of Acre.
Guibert of Tournai. Guibert of Tournai (c. 1200 – 1284), a French Franciscan friar, known for his sermons and other writings.Bougerol, Jacques-Guy (2002) "Guibert of Tournai". Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, André Vauchez, ed. Published by James Clarke and Company
Collectio de Scandalis Ecclesiae (after 1272), a report to Gregory X on the failures of the Eighth Crusade and Lord Edward's Crusade.
Ramon Lull. Ramon Lull (1232/1236–1315), also known as Raymond Lully or Ramon Llull, a Spanish missionary to the Arab world. Lull was stoned to death in Tunisia in 1315.Turner, William (1911). "Raymond Lully". In Catholic Encyclopedia. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company.Bibliothèque nationale de France {BnF Data}. "Raymond Lulle (1233?-1315)".Les Archives de littérature du Moyen Âge. "Ramon Llull".