Chapleau may refer to:
Chapleau, Ontario, a township in Ontario Chapleau 61, a Michipicoten First Nation reserve in Ontario Chapleau 61A, a Chapleau Ojibway First Nation reserve in Ontario Chapleau 74, a Chapleau Ojibway First Nation reserve in Ontario Chapleau 74A, a Chapleau Ojibway First Nation reserve in Ontario Chapleau 75, a Chapleau Cree First Nation reserve in Ontario Chapleau Cree Fox Lake, a Chapleau Cree First Nation reserve in Ontario Chapleau (federal electoral district), a former Canadian federal electoral district Chapleau (provincial electoral district), a current Quebec electoral district Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau, former Quebec premier and lieutenant governor, for whom all three of the above were named