This List of synagogues in Hungary contains active, otherwise used and destroyed synagogues in Hungary. This article 'contains synagogues' built in the historical Hungary area, broken down by county. Most of the synagogues listed are no longer in use or have other non-religious functions, and some have been demolished.
At the beginning of the 20th century, there were Jewish communities in many settlements of the Kingdom of Hungary, which eventually built their own church, synagogue. Most of these buildings were built with extremely sophisticated artistic exterior and interior designs. There were many Classicist style, many Romantic, many Eclectic and some Art Nouveau. It was designed to be more monumental in size to show the greatness and richness of the equalized and enriching Jewry of the turn of the century - similar to the churches of the Christian churches of the time.
However, during World War II, several synagogues were destroyed or significantly damaged. There has never been a central register of the properties of decentralized and autonomous communities, says Gusztáv Zoltai in 2010, the managing director of Mazsihisz (Association of Jewish Communities in Hungary). After World War II, much was demolished. Many buildings could not be maintained by the local Jewish community, whose membership dropped significantly due to the Holocaust and were sold to municipalities in the 1950s and 1960s. Several of the buildings sold in this way were renovated for cultural purposes - but there were some that were used as warehouses without any preservation. Some were transformed into shops and not one was demolished, as the simplistic architectural trends of the era did not favor the more ornate styles of the past.https://mazsihisz.hu/hirek-a-zsido-vilagbol/mazsihisz-hirek/eldozerolt-es -resaved-synagogues Examples are the huge Eger Synagogue, a Makó Neological Synagogue and Salgótarján synagogue. The memory of the destroyed Hungarian synagogues is now only photos and postcards. The situation is similar with other parts of the Carpathian Basin belonging to historical Hungary. (Southern Region, Croatian Territories, Highlands, Transylvania, Transcarpathia)
The list of Hungarian synagogues is not necessarily complete, as only a negligible number of sources testify to the existence of some synagogues. Edited by Péter Újvári in 1929, Budapest lists' 'Hungarian Jewish lexicon' 'lists several Hungarian settlements where a synagogue existed at the time of the book' s publication. Larger research into the still standing and already destroyed buildings began during the change of regime. In 1989 László Gerő Synagogues in Hungary, in 2005 Hedvig Podonyi Synagogues in Hungary published photo albums. Larger than all this is Rudin Klein's 2011 book Synagogues in Hungary 1782–1918, who devoted no less than 678 pages to the issue. In 2019, 162 still existing synagogues were identified in a study organized by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, "which is roughly a quarter of the number of synagogues before World War II." If this estimate is correct, there were more than 600 synagogues in Hungary before 1939, and it seems that this number' 'does not include' 'many of the previously annexed Hungarian territories. synagogue. "During the trip, [of the participants of the research tour] managed to visit 138 of the 162 buildings listed. Roughly 10,000 photos were taken and many synagogues were fully documented, and accurate floor plans were made for several buildings, such as the synagogue in Abony, Baja, Keszthely or Kővágóörs."
Budapest There are several synagogues in the Hungarian capital. Some of them work, some are not in religious use. It has recently undergone several major renovations.
Location Name Built Destroyed Remarks Picture Budapest Bethlen Square Synagogue 1876 stand In use. Budapest Dessewffy Street Synagogue 1870 stand It stands in the courtyard of a building. In use. Budapest Cinkota Synagogue Budapest Dohány Street Synagogue 1854–1859 stand It is the largest synagogue in Hungary and the largest synagogue in Europe too. In use. Budapest Dózsa György Street Synagogue 1907–1909 stand It is currently a fencing room, next to which there is a neolog community in a prayer hall. Budapest Frankel Leo street Synagogue, Budapest 1887–1888 stand In use. Budapest Hegedűs Gyula Street Synagogue 1911 stand It is located in a residential house. In use. Budapest Temple of heroes 1931 stand In use. Budapest Kazinczy Street Synagogue, Budapest 1912–1913 stand In use. Budapest Kőbánya Synagogue, Budapest 1909–1912 stand Converted into a Christian church, it operates that way. Budapest Lágymányos Synagogue 1936 stand It became the property of the Scientific Dissemination Society. Budapest Lipótváros Synagogue A monumental synagogue left in the plans. Budapest Nagytétény Synagogue before 1760 stand It works when converted to a library. Budapest Óbuda Synagogue 1820–1821 stand Recently renovated. In use. Budapest Páva Street Synagogue, Budapest 1923 stand Recently renovated. In use. Budapest Pesterzsébet Synagogue, Budapest 1901 stand It is in an extremely dilapidated condition. Budapest Rákoscsaba Synagogue Budapest Rákospalota Synagogue 1926–1927 stand Currently in the warehouse of the National Széchényi Library. Budapest Rumbach Street Synagogue 1869–1872 stand Recently renovated. Budapest Sashalom Synagogue Budapest Újpest Synagogue 1885–1886 stand Recently renovated. In use. Budapest Vasvári Pál Street Synagogue 1886 stand It stands in the courtyard of a building. In use.
Bács–Kiskun county
Location Name Built Destroyed Remarks Picture Apostag Apostag Synagogue 1822 stand In 1989, it was the first synagogue to be renovated while retaining its sacred character. During the restoration, a library was converted from the building, but it is seen in its original condition as a fridge cabinet and bima (lake reading platform) and also provides space for community celebrations. The renovation work was awarded the Europa Nostra Award. Bácsalmás Bácsalmás Synagogue 1888 1954 After World War II, the number of members of the community declined. The synagogue was demolished in the 1950s. Baja Baja Synagogue 1842–1845 stand The Ady Endre City Library and Cultural Center operates in it. Dunapataj Dunapataj Synagogue 1879 1957 After World War II, the number of members of the community declined. The synagogue was demolished in the 1950s. Fajsz Fajsz Synagogue Jánoshalma Jánoshalma Synagogue 1820 stand It is not in use. Kalocsa Kalocsa Synagogue 1861 stand It is used for cultural purposes. Kecel Kecel Synagogue Kecskemét Kecskemét Orthodox Synagogue 1918 stand It houses the Hungarian Museum of Photography. Kecskemét Kecskemét Neolog Synagogue 1864−1868 stand It houses the House of Science and Technology. Kiskőrös Kiskőrös Great Synagogue 1873 1946 It was demolished after World War II. Kiskőrös Kiskőrös Little Synagogue 1915 stand It functions as a music school, a concert hall. Kiskunfélegyháza Kiskunfélegyháza Synagogue Kiskunhalas Kiskunhalas Synagogue 1860 stand In use. Soltvadkert Soltvadkert Synagogue Szabadszállás Szabadszállás Synagogue Tass Tass Synagogue Tiszakécske Tiszakécske Synagogue 1909 stand It is used for cultural purposes.
Baranya county
Location Name Built Destroyed Remarks Picture Mohács Mohács Synagogue 1864https://www.tani-tani.info/a_mohacsi_zsidosag_tortenete 1968 It has been broken down. Pécs Pécs Synagogue 1868–1869 stand Recently renovated. In use. Pécsvárad Pécsvárad Synagogue Siklós Siklós Synagogue Szigetvár Szigetvár Synagogue 1857 stand The Szigetvár City Library operates in it.
Békés county
Location Name Built Destroyed Remarks Picture Battonya Battonya Synagogue Békés Békés Synagogue 1909 stand It is used for cultural purposes Békéscsaba Békéscsaba New Synagogue 2004 stand A new building. In use. Békéscsaba Békéscsaba Orthodox Synagogue 1894 stand It has been transformed, it has no religious function. Békéscsaba Békéscsaba Neolog Synagogue 1893 stand It has been transformed, it has no religious function. Füzesgyarmat Füzesgyarmat Synagogue 1929 stand It works as a school. Gyula Gyula Synagogue 1882–1883 stand It works as a school. Mezőberény Mezőberény Synagogue 1884 after 1945 (?) It has been broken down. Orosháza Orosháza Synagogue 1890 stand It is not in use. Szeghalom Szeghalom Synagogue
Borsod–Abaúj–Zemplén county
Location Name Built Destroyed Remarks Picture Abaújszántó Abaújszántó Synagogue 1896 stand Used as a warehouse. Bodrogkeresztúr Bodrogkeresztúr Synagogue 1906 stand The Directorate of the Bükk National Park operates in it. Encs Encs Synagogue Erdőbénye Erdőbénye Synagogue Fony Fony Synagogue Jósvafő Jósvafő Synagogue ? ? Kazincbarcika Kazincbarcika Synagogue Mád Mád Synagogue 1795 stand In use. Megyaszó Megyaszó Synagogue before 1913 stand Used as a warehouse. Mezőcsát Mezőcsát Synagogue 1880 stand Recently renovated. It is used for cultural purposes. Mezőkövesd Mezőkövesd Synagogue 1896 after 1945 It has been broken down. Miskolc Synagogue of Miskolc (Kazinczy Street Synagogue) 1856–1863 stand In use. Miskolc Palóczy Street Synagogue 1900 1963 The building was damaged in World War II. It was later demolished, citing its damaged condition and excessive size. Olaszliszka Olaszliszka Synagogue 1875 stand Largely broken down. Remains converted into a memorial site. Ónod Ónod Synagogue Putnok Putnok Synagogue 1865 stand Out of order. In a ruined and life-threatening condition. Sajókazinc Sajókazinc Synagogue Sajószentpéter Sajószentpéter Synagogue 1900 stand It operates as a pension. Sály Sály Synagogue Sárospatak Sárospatak Synagogue 1890 stand It operates as a department store. Sátoraljaújhely Sátoraljaújhely Old Synagogue 1795 stand Out of order. Sátoraljaújhely Sátoraljaújhely New Synagogue 1830-nonsense, built 1887/1888https://ujhelyizsidosag.hu/the-synagogue-building-memorial-plaque-status-quo/ stand, altered beyond recognition in 1969https://ujhelyizsidosag.hu/the-synagogue-building-memorial-plaque-status-quo/ Out of order. Szendrő Szendrő Synagogue 1830 c. 1944 It was broken down. Szerencs Szerencs Synagogue before 1909 mid 1970s It was broken down. Szikszó Szikszó Synagogue 1914 stand It acts as an incubator house. Tállya Tállya Synagogue Tarcal Tarcal Synagogue 1779(or 1795) stand Used as guesthouse. Tokaj Tokaj Synagogue 1899 stand It is used for cultural purposes. Tolcsva Tolcsva Synagogue ? ? It has been broken down. Vilmány Vilmány Synagogue Vizsoly Vizsoly Synagogue
Csongrád county
Location Name Built Destroyed Remarks Picture Csanádpalota Csanádpalota Synagogue Hódmezővásárhely Hódmezővásárhely Synagogue 1857 stand It was remodeled in 1908. Recently renovated. It is used for cultural purposes. Makó Makó Orthodox Synagogue 1895 stand Recently renovated. It is used for cultural purposes. Makó Makó Neological Synagogue 1914 1965 After the destruction of Makó Jewry in World War II, the synagogue lost its former role. In the 1950s and 1960s, several ideas were born for recycling, but they were eventually dismantled. Szeged Szeged Old Synagogue 1843 stand It is used for cultural purposes. Szeged Szeged Synagogue 1900–1902 stand It is the second largest synagogue in Hungary and the fourth largest in the world. Recently renovated. In use. Szentes Szentes Synagogue 1868–1872 stand The Szentes City Library operates in the building.
Fejér county