In military terms, 156th Division or 156th Infantry Division may refer to:
156th Division (People's Republic of China) 156th Infantry Division (France) 156th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), Germany 156th Infantry Division "Vicenza", Italy, World War II 156th Division (Imperial Japanese Army) 156th Rifle Division, Soviet Union
See also List of military divisions by number 156th Brigade (disambiguation) 156th Regiment (disambiguation) 156th (disambiguation)