List of Iron Age states

The Iron Age is an archaeological age, the last of the three-age system of Old World prehistory. It follows the Bronze Age, in the Ancient Near East beginning c. 1200 BC, and in Europe beginning in 793. It is taken to end with the beginning of Classical Antiquity, in about the 6th century BC, although in Northern Europe, the Germanic Iron Age is taken to last until the beginning of the Viking Age, c. AD 800.

The term "Iron Age" is mostly limited to Europe, the Near East, and the Indian subcontinent, although West Africa also had iron metallurgy, beginning with the Nok culture c. 550 BC and spread by the Bantu expansion. There are also cast iron artefacts in China from about 500 BC, but use of iron was minimal, and the Bronze Age in China is usually extended to the beginning of the classical period (Qin dynasty).

Africa StateCapital/sTypeExistedCarthageCarthageKingdom/empire814–146 BCD'mtYehaKingdom980–650 BCKingdom of KushMeroë1070 BC – 350 ADThird Intermediate Period of EgyptMemphis, Thebes1069–525 BCEgyptian Empire1550–1069 BCLand of Punt2400–1069 BCNok cultureAncient civilisation and possibly Kingdom c. 550 BC – 300 AD

Americas StateCapital/sTypeExistedChacinChavín de Huántar900–250 BCChiripaAdulis c. 13th–5th centuries BCMixtec civilization1500 BC – 1523 ADOlmecLa VentaKingdom city states1400–400 BCParacas800–100 BCPukaraPukara1400 BC – 400 AD

Europe

Greece StateCapital/sTypeExistedArcadiaKingdom 1000–743 BC ArgolisArgosKingdom 1200–379 BC AthensAthens Kingdom city state1556–683 BCAthensAthensRepublican city state683–87 BCBoeotiaThebesKingdom 1100–750 BCCorinthCorinthCity state700–338 BCEpirusAmvrakia, Passaron, PhoeniceKingdom 1183–168 BCLocriaAmphissa, NaupactusKingdom 1250–386 BCMacedonAigai, PellaKingdom 860–146 BCMesseniaMesseneKingdom 1300–724 BCSpartaSpartaKingdom 950–146 BC

Italian peninsula StateCapital/sTypeExistedAlba LongaLaviniumKingdom 1200–753 BC DauniaTribal kingdom 7th century – 89 BCEpirusAmvrakia, Passaron, PhoeniceKingdom 1183–168 BCEtruscansVariousKingdom 900–27 BCLiburniaTribal thalassocracy11th century – 34 BCMagna GraeciaVariousKingdom city states740–89 BCMessapiaHyriaTribal kingdom 8th century–89 BCOenotriaMetabonTribal kingdom1000–325 BCOscansAusonesTribal kingdom1000 – 4th century BCPadanian EtruriaVariousFederated city states9th century – 5th century BCKingdom of RomeRomeKingdom 753–509 BCSabinumTribal kingdomc. 760–494 BCSamniumBovianumTribal confederationc. 600–82 BC

Eurasian Steppe and Central Asia NameCapitalState typeExistedBactriaBactraTribal kingdom/client2140–550 BC BalharaBalkhTribal kingdom12th century – 7th century BC ColchisPhasisKingdom1300 BC – 2nd century ADDiauehiZuaKingdom12th–8th century BC ḪubuškiaKingdom950–700 BC MargianaTribal kingdom9th century – 6th century BCScythiaNeopolisTribal kingdom690–250 BCSogdiaMarakanda Tribal confederation8th century – 327 BCJushi kingdom (Tarim basin) Tribal kingdom city states 1st millennium BC

East Asia NameCapitalState typeExistedÂu LạcCổ Loa CitadelKingdom257–180 BCBaYíchéngTribal confederation13th century–311 BCCaiShàngcài), Xīncài, Xiàcài Marquisate/client980–447 BCCaoTáoqiū Dukedom/client1053–487 BCChenWǎnqiū Dukedom/client 1046–479 BCChuDanyang, JiangYing, JiYing, Shouchun, Viscountcy/kingdom/client 1030–223 BCDengDengzhouMarquisate/client1200–678 BCDonghuNomadic tribal confederation1400–150 BCEastern GuoDengzhouMarquisate/client1046–767 BCGojoseonAsadal, Wanggeom-seongKingdom2333–108 BCGuanGuanKingdom city state1046–1040 BCGumieGumieKingdom 1046–480 BCHanHanchengMarquisate/client1046–764 BCHuangCan'hu, Yicheng, HubeiMarquisate/client 891–648 BCJinTang, Quwo, Jiang, XintianDukedom/client 1042–376 BCKỷ lineNot specifiedKingdom 853–755 BCLuQufuMarquisate/dukedom/client1042–249 BCPiXuechengEarldom/client1046–418 BCQiQiDukedom1600–445 BCQiLinziDukedom/client 1046–221 BCQinQin, Quanqiu, Qian, Pingyang Marquisate/dukedom/client 858–221 BCQuanDukedom/client 1250–704 BCQuanrongNomadic Tribal Confedracy954–301 BCShěnShěnEarldom/marquisate1050–500 BCShuKingdom1046–316 BCSongShangqiuDukedom and vassal 1058–286 BCSuiSuizhouMarquisate and client771–221 BCSumpaTribal chiefdom/client1600 BC – 7th century ADTanMingshui Viscountcy and vassal 1046–684 BCTengTengzhouViscountcy1046–414 BCVăn LangAnyangConfederation/kingdom2879–258 BCWestern GuoYongdi, Shangyang, Xiayang Countship/dukedom1046–687 BCWeyShangqiuDukedom and vassal 1046–687 BCWuGusuDukedom and vassal 1046–473 BCXingXingtaiMarquisate/client1046–632 BCXuGusuViscountacy/client2000–512 BCYanJiKingdom/principality1046–222 BCZhengZheng, XinzhengKingdom806–375 BCZhouHaojing, LuoyiKingdom1046–256 BCZouViscountacy/dukedom1012–350 BC

South Asia NameCapitalState typeExistedAnga Champa or Campā Kingdom 1100–530 BCAsmakaPotana Kingdom 700–425/345 BCAvantiMahissati, Ujjaini Kingdom 700–300 BCĀryāvartaMultipleConfederated tribal kingdoms1750–600 BCChediSuktimati Kingdom 1200–300 BCCholaUraiyur/KaveripoompattinamKingdom 600–110 BCHimalayaKingdom600–322 BCKalinga Dantapura/Rajapura Kingdom1376–285 BCKambojaRajapuraKingdom1450–195 BCKāśīKāsīKingdom 1375–600 BCKuruĀsandīvat, IndraprasthaKingdom 1200–500 BCMagadhaRajagriha or Rajgir Kingdom1100–28 BCMallaKusavati, PavaRepublic – MatsyaViratanagaraKingdom1400–350 BCPanchalaAhichatra, Kampilya Kingdom, later republic1100–400 BC PandyaMadurai Kingdom 600 BC–1600 AD PundraPundravardhanaKingdom 1300 BC–550 ADSaurashtraKingdom950–355 BC ShakyaKapilavatthu Monarchical Republic7th–5th century BC Sindhu-SauvīraVrsadarbhpuraKingdom1000–518 BC Suhmanot specifiedKingdomc. 8th–4th century BC SurasenaMethoraKingdom700–300 BC TrigartaPrasthalaKingdom1100–322 BCVanga Gange Kingdom700–300 BCVatsaKauśāmbīKingdom1100–323 BCVidarbhaKundinapuriKingdom1200–322 BCVajjika LeagueVaishaliConfederacy –

West Asia

Anatolia NameCapitalState typeExistedArzawaApasa Federation15th–12th century BCArme-ShupriaVanKingdom1290–1190 BCCariaApasaKingdom11th–6th century BCDiauehiZua, UltuKingdom1118–760 BCDorisDorisKingdom1200–580 BCHittite EmpireHattussaEmpire1600–1178 BCIoniaDelosKingdom city states1070–545 BCLukkaTribal kingdom2000–1183 BCLyciaXanthos, PataraKingdom1183–546 BCLydiaSardisKingdom1200–680 BCLydian EmpireSardisEmpire680–546 BCMysiaPergameneKingdom1320–301 BCPaphlagoniaGangraKingdom1480–183 BC PhrygiaKingdom1200–700 BCSam'alSamalPrincipality/kingdom1200–680 BCSyro-Hittite statesVariousKingdoms1200–800 BCTabalKanesh Kingdom 1180–609 BCTarhuntassaTarhuntassaKingdom 1350–1200 BCTroasTroyKingdom 3000–700 BCTuwanuwaTuwanuwaKingdom city state1000–700 BCZabdicenePrincipality/client780 BC – 5th century AD

Arabia NameCapitalState typeExistedDilmunQal'atKingdom2600–675 BCMaganKingdom2200–550 BCQedarAdumattuTribal confederation/client870 BC – 250 ADThamudHegeaKingdom 8th century – 500 BC

Armenian plateau NameCapitalState typeExistedNairiMultipleTribal confederation1190–890 BCSapardaKingdom 720–670 BCUrartu Arzashkun, TushpaKingdom 860–590 BC

Iranian plateau NameCapitalState typeExistedElamite EmpireSusaEmpire1210–535 BCEllipiKingdom850–609 BC ḪubuškiaKingdom10th/9th century–??? BCMannaiIzirtu Kingdom1110–616 BCMediaEcbatanaKingdom750–678 BCMedian EmpireEcbatanaEmpire678–549 BCNamarNamarKingdom2350–750 BCParsuaTribal chiefdom/kingdom 860–600 BCPersisTribal kingdom 10th century – 550 BCZikirtiKingdom750–521 BC

Levant NameCapitalState typeExistedAmmonRabbath Ammon Kingdom1000–332 BCAmurru kingdomSumurKingdom2000–1200 BCAram-DamascusDamascusKingdom1184–732 BCArameaTribal chiefdom's/kingdom2300–700 BCBashanBashanConfederation1330–928 BCEdomRabbath Ammon Kingdom1200–125 BCTwelve Tribes of IsraelTribal confederation1440–1050 BCUnited Monarchy of IsraelJerusalemUnited Kingdom1050–930 BCIsraelSamariaKingdom930–720 BCJudahJerusalem Kingdom930–586 BCMoabDibonKingdom13th century – 400 BCPhilistiaAshdod, Ekron, GazaKingdom city states1175–732 BCPhoeniciaByblos, Tyre, Berytus, SidonKingdom city states1800–539 BC

Mesopotamia NameCapitalState typeExistedAssyriaAssurKingdom1975–934 BCAssyrian EmpireAssur, Nineveh, HarranEmpire911–612 BCBit-IstarKingdom12th century–710 BCChaldeaBit YakinKingdom1100–539 BCLullubiLulubunaTribal kingdom2400–650 BCNeo-Babylonian EmpireBabylonEmpire626–539 BCSimurrumKingdom3rd–2nd millennium BC

Yemen NameCapitalState typeExistedAwsanḤajar Yaḥirr Kingdom7th century BC – 100 ADHadhramautKingdom 700 BC – 320 ADHaramHaramKingdom city state600–175 BCSabaeaMa'ribKingdom 1100–275 BC

See also List of pre-modern states List of Bronze Age states List of Classical Age states List of states during Late Antiquity List of states during the Middle Ages List of former sovereign states List of ancient great powers

References

External links History Files Livius Ancient History Articles World History Maps (Individual) from 1300 BC to 1500 AD