List of Classical Age states

Classical Antiquity is a period in the history of the Near East and Mediterranean, extending roughly from the 8th century BC to the 6th century AD. It is conventionally taken to begin with the earliest-recorded Greek poetry of Homer (8th–7th century BC), and continues through the emergence of Christianity and the decline of the Roman Empire in the 5th to 6th centuries, the period during which Late Antiquity blends into the "Dark Ages" or Early Middle Ages.

The geographic scope of Classical Antiquity may be taken to extend to Central Asia and North India due to the far-reaching influence of Greek culture during the Hellenistic period (late 4th to 2nd centuries BC), but the historiographies of other world regions have their own notion of "classicity" which do not fall within the scope of this list.

Africa

StateCapitalState typeExistedAksumite empireAksumEmpire100–940BlemmyesTribal kingdom600 BC – 8th century ADCarthaginian EmpireCarthageEmpire814–146 BCD'mtYehaKingdom980–400 BCCyrenaicaCyreneKingdom631–525 BCEgyptSais, Mendes, SebennytosKingdomc. 664 BC – c. 332 BCGaramantianGaramaTribal confederation/empire1000 BC – 700 ADKushKerma; Napata; MeroeKingdom1070 BC – 350 ADMacedonian EmpirePellaEmpire808 BC – 168 BCMauretaniaJulia CaesaraKingdom/client kingdom285 BC – 698 ADNumidiaCirtaKingdom202–46 BCPersian Empire Ecbatana, Pasargadae, Persepolis, SusaEmpire550–330 BCPtolemaicAlexandriaKingdom/empire305–30 BCRoman EmpireRome, ConstantinopleEmpire27 BC-476Roman RepublicRomeRepublic509–27 BCSomali City-StatesVarious City-statesVarious TichittKingdom1400–200 BC

Europe

StateCapitalTypeExistedAchaean LeagueVariousConfederation of city states280–140 BC Acarnanian LeagueVariousConfederation of city states5th century–31 BC AeolisVariousCity states8th–6th century BC Aetolian LeagueVariousConfederation of city states290–189 BC Amphictyonic leagueVariousConfederation of Tribes Antigonid EmpireEmpire306–168 BC ArcadiaKingdom 980–743 BC Arcadian LeagueVariousConfederation of city states370 BC ArgolisArgosKingdom/republic 1200–226 BC AthensRepublican city state/client1068–146 BCBoeotian LeagueVariousConfederation of city states395–171 BC Carthaginian EmpireCarthageEmpire650–146 BCChalcidian LeagueVariousConfederation of city states430–348 BC CorinthiaCorinthCity state700–338 BCCyprus city-statesVariousCity states800–400 BCDaciaSarmizegetusa, RegiaKingdom168 BC – 106 ADDardaniaUlpiana?Tribal kingdom 4th century – 168 BCDelian LeagueVariousLeague of city states478–404 BCElisVariousCity states1200–188 BC EtruriaVeiiKingdom 900–264 BCEuboean LeagueVariousConfederation of city states294 BC – 300 AD Hellenic LeagueVariousFederated states338–322 BCIllyria400–158 BCIonian LeagueVariousLeague of city states7th century–505 BCLatin LeagueVariousTribal confederation793–338 BCLocriaAmphissa, NaupactusKingdom 1250–386 BCMacedonia (ancient kingdom)/Macedonian empirePellaKingdom/empire808–168 BC/334–323 BCMagna GraeciaVariousKingdom city states740–89 BCOdrysian kingdomSeuthopolisKingdom460 BC- 46 ADPaeoniaPrincipality/kingdom/client535 BC – 681 ADPeloponnesian LeagueAthensConfederation of city states550–366 BC Persian Empire Ecbatana, Pasargadae, Persepolis, SusaEmpire549–330 BCPhocisDelphiAmphictyony 690–222 BCRhodesRhodes City-state408–226 BCKingdom of RomeRomeKingdom 753–509 BCRoman EmpireRome, Milan, Ravenna, ConstantinopleEmpire27 BC-1453 ADRoman RepublicRomeRepublic509–27 BCSabinumBovianumTribal kingdom760 – 494 BCSamniumTribal confederation600 – 82 BCSecond Athenian LeagueAthensConfederation of city states377–385 BC SpartaSpartaKingdom 950–146 BCTartessosTartessusTribal kingdom1000–450 BCThebesThebes City-state7th century–335 BCTylisTylisKingdom278–212 BCUmbriaTribal kingdom9th century – 3rd century BC

Eurasian Steppe and Central Asia namecapitalstate typeexistedAlbaniaKabalak, PartavKingdom/client65 BC – 628 ADBactriaBactraTribal kingdom/client2140–550 BC BalharaBalkhTribal kingdom12th–7th centuries BC Cimmerian BosporusPanticapaeumKingdom/client 480 BC – 370 ADCimmeriaNot specifiedTribal confederation1300–626 BCColchisPhasisKingdom1300 BC – 2nd century ADDayuanKingdom/client 329 BC – 280 ADFerganaKhokandTribal confederation/kingdom500 BC – 590 ADGreco-BactriaBactra, Alexandria on the OxusKingdom256–125 BCIberiaArmazi, Mtskheta, TbilisiKingdom302 BC – 508 ADIndo-GreekAlexandria(Caucasus), Taxila, SagalaKingdom 180 BC – 10 ADIndo-ParthiaTaxilaKingdom 12 BC – 98 ADIndo-ScythiaSigal, Taxila, MathuraKingdom 200 BC – 400 ADKangjuTribal federation280 BC – 585 ADKashgarKashgarKingdom/client80–850 ADKuchaKuchaBuddhist kingdom46–658 ADKushan EmpireBagram, Peshawar, Taxila, MathuraEmpire30–375 ADKhwarezmKath, Gurganj Kingdom180 BC – 98 ADLazicaPhasisKingdom/client1st century BC – 7th century ADMacedonian EmpirePellaEmpire334–323 BCMassagetaeTribal kingdom c. 8th century BCE–c. 3rd century BCEMaurya EmpirePataliputraEmpire322–185 BCParthian EmpireCtesiphonEmpire247 BC – 224 ADPersian Empire Ecbatana, Pasargadae, Persepolis, SusaEmpire549–330 BCScythiaNeopolisTribal kingdom690BC-250 BCSeleucid EmpireSeleucia, AntiochEmpire312–63 BCSogdianaSamarkand, Bukhara, Khujand, KeshKingdom/client750–550 BC

East Asia/Southeast Asia

NameCapital/sTypeExistedÂu LạcCổ LoaKingdom257–207 BCBaekjeWirye, Ungjin, SabiKingdom18 BC – 660 ADBuyeoBuyeoseongKingdom189 BC – 494 ADChampaIndrapura, Vijaya, PandurangaKingdom192–1832 ADChengjiaChengduKingdom25–36 ADChi TuKingdom100 BC – 7th century ADChouchiLüeyangPrincipality184–511 ADChuDanyang, JiangYing, JiYing, Shouchun, Client viscountcy/kingdom1030–223 BCDianKingdom300–109 BCDonghuNomadic tribal confederation700–150 BCDong'ouDong'ouKingdom191–111 BCFunanVyadhapura,Óc EoKingdom60–550 ADGangga NegaraGangga NegaraKingdom2nd–11th centuries ADGayaGayaConfederacy42–562 ADGoguryeoJolbon, Gungnae, Pyongyang.Kingdom37 BC – 668 ADGojoseonAsadal, Wanggeom-seongKingdom1500–108 BC Han empireChang'an, Luoyang, XuchangEmpire206 BC-220 ADKofun period (Japan) 300–538JinTribal federation550–108 BCJolbonTribal kingdom1st century – 37 BCKandis kingdomKingdom1st century BC – 13th century ADLangkasukaKedah, PattaniKingdom 100–1516 ADMahanCheonanConfederacy98 BC – 250 ADMinyueYeKingdom334–111 ADNaKingdom1st century – 3rd century ADNanyuePanyuKingdom204–111 BCPyuSri KsetraFederated city states250 BC – 1085 ADQiLinziClient dukedom1046–221 BCQinQin, Quanqiu, Qian, PingyangClient marquisate/dukedom858–221 BCQin empireXianyangEmpire221–206 BCSamaskuta kingdomKingdom?–5th century ADSiljikKingdom102 – 6th century ADSillaGyeongjuKingdom55 BC – 935 ADSumpaTribal chiefdom/client1600 BC – 7th century ADThatonThatonKingdom300 BC – 1085 ADWeiAnyi, Daliang Marquisate/kingdom403–225 BCVăn LangAnyangConfederation/kingdoms1430–258 BCXianbeiNomadic (empire)93–234 ADXiongnuTribal confederation (empire)209–155 BCYamataiKingdom1st century – 3rd century ADYanJiPrincipality1046–222 BCZhangzhungKyunglungKingdom500 BC – 625 ADZhouHaojing, LuoyiKingdom1046–256 BC

South Asia

NameCapitalState typeExistedAbhira dynastyDvarakaKingdom 200–315/370 ADAnuradhapuraAnuradhapuraKingdom 377 BC – 1017 ADAngaChampa or CampāKingdom 1380–550 BCArjunayanas Republic 2nd century BC – 6th century ADAudumbarasHoshiarpurTribal Kingdom 5th century BC – 4th century ADAyAykudiKingdom 4th century BC – 12th century ADCholaUrayur/KaveripattinamKingdom 2645–110 BCChutu dynastyBanavasiKingdom1st century BC – 3rd century ADGangaridaiGangesKingdom450–200 BCHaryankaRajagriha, later PataliputraKingdom684–413 BCIndo-GreekAlexandria in the Caucasus, Taxila, SagalaKingdom 180 BC – 10 ADIndo-ParthiaTaxilaKingdom 12 BC – 98 ADIndo-ScythiaSigal, Taxila, MathuraKingdom 200 BC – 400 ADKalabhra dynastyVariousKingdom 1376–285 BCKalinga republicDantapura/RajapuraRepublic3rd–6th century ADKambojaRajapuraKingdom1450–195 BCKasmiraAsirgarh Qila Kingdom1250–322 BCKimpurushaKingdom1000–325 BCKosalaShravasti Kingdom1000–266 BCKunindaShravasti Kingdom500 BC – 300 ADKushan EmpireBagram, Peshawar, Taxila, MathuraEmpire30–375 ADMaya RataPanduwasnuwaraKingdom 504 BC – 1153 ADMahameghavahana dynastyKingdom1st century BC – 4th century ADMagadhaRajagriha/Rajgir /PataliputraKingdom799–323 BCMalavas Aristocratic Republic 4th century BC – 7th century ADMallaKusinārā, PāvāRepublic– BCEMitra dynastyMathuraKingdom150–50 BCMaurya EmpirePataliputraEmpire322–185 BCMurunda dynastyKingdom 2nd–3rd century ADMushikaEzhimalaiKingdom3rd century BC – 4th century ADNagas of PadmavatiPadmavatiKingdom3rd–4th century ADNagas of VindhyatabiVindhyatabiKingdom261–340 ADNanda EmpirePataliputraEmpire345–322 BCPanchala Ahichatra, KampilyaKingdom/republic700–323 BC PandyaMaduraiKingdom 600 BC – 1618 ADPallava EmpireKanchiEmpire275–897 ADPauravasKingdom 350–150 BCPundraPundravardhanaKingdom 1300 BC – 550 ADRuhunaMagamaPrincipality200 BC – 450 ADSamatataSamatataKingdom232 BC – 7th c ADSatavahana EmpireAmaravatiEmpire230 BC – 230 ADSeleucid EmpireSeleucia, AntiochEmpire312–63 BCShakyaKapilavatthu Monarchical Republic800–320 BC Shunga EmpireVidisha Empire187–73 BC SindhuVrsadarbhpuraKingdom800–320 BC Suhmanot specifiedKingdomc. 8th century – 4th century BC SurasenaMethoraKingdom1000–323 BC TambapanniTambapanniKingdom543–505 BCTrigartaPrasthalaKingdom1150–322 BCVangaGangeKingdom1300 BC – 580 ADVatsaKauśāmbīKingdom1100–323 BCVajjika LeagueVaishaliConfederacy – VrishniHoshiarpur Tribal Kingdom 5th century BC – 4th century ADYaudheyaRohtakRepublic5th century BC – 4th century AD

West Asia

namecapitalstate typeexistedAdiabeneArbelaKingdom/client15–310 ADAntigonid EmpireEmpire306–168 BC ArabaHatraKingdom3rd century BC – 300ADArmeniaVanKingdom553 BC – 428ADArmenia MinorKingdom331–72 BCAtropateneGanzakKingdom/client 320 BC – 226ADAwsanḤajar Yaḥirr Kingdom8th–7th century BCBithyniaNicomedia, NicaeaKingdom/client 297–74 BC CappadociaMazacaKingdom/client332–130 BCChaldeaBit YakinKingdom1100–539 BCCharaceneCharax SpasinouKingdom127 BC – 222 ADCiliciaTarsusKingdom795–546 BCCommageneSamosataKingdom/client 163 BC – 72 ADCorduenePrincipality/kingdom/client800 BC – 653 ADDorisDorisKingdom1200–580 BCEdomRabbath Ammon Kingdom1200–125 BCElamite empireSusaEmpire1210–535 BCElymaisSusaKingdom/client147 BC −224 ADGalatiaAncyraEmpire280–64 BCGardmanParisosPrincipality/kingdom/client66–428 ADGerrhaGerrhaKingdom650 BC – 300 ADGreco-BactriaBactra, Alexandria (Oxus)Kingdom256–125 BCHadhramautKingdom700 BC – 320 ADHaramHaramKingdom city state600 – 175 BCHasmonean dynastyJerusalem Kingdom/client kingdom 140–37 BC Heraclea PonticaHeraclea PonticaOligarchic republic365–284 BCHimyarite KingdomZafar, later Sana'aKingdom110 BC – 525 ADJudahJerusalemKingdom9th century BC – 586 BCKindaQaryat Dhāt KāhilTribal kingdom2nd century BC – 525 ADLihyanDedanKingdom6th–3rd century BCLycaoniaIconiumKingdom340–200 BCLyciaXanthos, Patara Kingdom1183–546 BCLydian EmpireSardisEmpire680–546 BCMacedonian EmpirePellaEmpire334–323 BCMaganKingdom2200–550 BCMa'in?/ Yathill Kingdom580–85 BCMedian EmpireEcbatanaEmpire678–549 BCMysiaPergamonKingdom1320–301 BCNabataeaPetraKingdom168 BC – 106 ADNeo-Babylonian EmpireBabylonEmpire626–539 BCOsroeneEdessaKingdom/client134 BC – 244 ADPaphlagoniaGangraKingdom1480–183 BC PamphyliaPergaKingdom398–190 BCParsuaTribal chiefdom/kingdom 860–600 BCParthian EmpireCtesiphonEmpire247 BC – 224 ADPergamonPegamonKingdom282–133 BCPersian empirePasargadae, Persepolis, SusaEmpire549–330 BCPontic empireAmaseia, SinopeEmpire250 BC – 68 ADPontusAmaseia, SinopeKingdom281–250 BCQatabanTimnaKingdom6th century BC – 2nd century ADPtolemaicAlexandriaKingdom/empire305–30 BCRoman EmpireRome, ConstantinopleEmpire27 BC – 1453 ADRoman RepublicRomeRepublic509–27 BCSaba'Sirwah, Ma'ribKingdom12th/8th century BC – 275 ADSeleucid EmpireSeleucia, AntiochEmpire312–63 BCSopheneKarkathiokertaKingdom298–94 BCZabdicenePrincipality/client780 BC – 5th century ADZikirtiKingdom750–521 BC

Americas