Waleed Sami Abulkhair (; born 17 June 1979) is a Saudi Arabian lawyer and human rights activist, and the head of the Monitor of Human Rights in Saudi Arabia (MHRSA) organization. He is the first activist to be prosecuted by the Terrorism Law. He was arrested on 15 April 2014, and was sent to al-Ha'ir Prison while awaiting prosecution. On 6 July 2014, Abulkhair was sentenced to 15 years in prison by the Specialized Criminal Court, (10 years executed and five suspended) and a travel ban for another 15 years, in addition to a fine of 200,000 riyals (US$). On 12 January 2015, the case returned to the Court of Appeals, after which the judge requested increasing the previous sentence, because Abulkhair refused to apologize. Thus, the judgment was tightened to 15-year executed. In response, Abulkhair prayed for God's victory and refused to recognize the legitimacy of the Specialized Criminal Court. Abulkhair is incarcerated in the Dhahban Central Prison in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, a facility used to hold high-profile political prisoners, as well as members of al-Qaeda and the Islamic State.Javier El-Hage and Celine Assaf Boustani. (12 July 2016).Waleed Abulkhair sits in a Saudi jail for speaking out, The Washington Post
In 2018, he was awarded the Right Livelihood Award, together with Abdullah al-Hamid and Mohammad Fahad al-Qahtani for "their visionary and courageous efforts, guided by universal human rights principles, to reform the totalitarian political system in Saudi Arabia."Jan M. Olsen. (24 September 2018). 3 Saudi human rights activists awarded "Alternative Nobel" Fox News
Early life, family and education Muhammad Waleed AbuAlKhair Al Maktoum was born in Jeddah, west of Saudi Arabia.
He comes from a Hejazi family of judges and Imams of the Holy Mosque.
Waleed's grandfather Al Maktoum Mohammed Saeed AbuAlkhair was one of the Jeddah commissioners who signed the agreement with King Abdulaziz under the condition that ruling Hejaz must be self-governying under the guidance of the Quran and prophets sayings and the four leading Imam's guidance.
Waleed's mother, Elhaam Al Abbasi, also come from a well known Hejazi family. His mother had a huge impact on his character, and continues to be a strong influence on his personality.
Waleed's oldest uncle, Yahya Abulkhair, is a retired professor specializing in Geology. He taught at King Saud University. Waleed's younger uncle, Sameer Abulkhair, was a retired Major General working for the border guards sector in the Ministry of Interior in Medina city.
Waleed married Samar Badawi. After two months of his detention, she gave birth to their daughter, Joud. In November 2015, while Abulkhair was still in prison, he and Samar Badawi agreed to divorce for personal reasons.
Waleed holds two bachelor's degrees: one in law, which he earned with the highest distinction; and a second degree specializing in Arabic language. In 2009, he got his master's degree in Islamic law from Alyarmook University in Jordan after defending his thesis (Affinities and Differences in the Evidences and Reasons and Judgements: a Consolidating Applicable and Comparative Study). The Thesis was supervised by Dr. Abdul-Jaleel Zuhair Thamrah. Waleed has memorized the Quran and got a license from Shaikh Obaid Allah AlAfqani and was approved by the Teaching Board of the Holy Mosque in Madinah.
Professional career and human rights activism In 2007 Waleed Abulkhair began his career in the legal profession, where he joined lawyer Essam Basrawi and worked in his office.
In the same year, Waleed—along with several other activists—launched a statement entitled Features of a Constitutional Monarchy, which explicitly demanded the ruling family of Saudi Arabia change the current regime of absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. This led the Saudi Authorities to stop funding his Graduate studies for master's degree, so he studied and finished his master's degree on his own expenses.
Waleed Abulkhair defended a number of clients in the case of Jeddah reformers, including Dr. Mossa bin Mohammed Al-Qarni, Dr. Saud al-Hashimi and Dr. Abdul Rahman al-Shumaimri, who were arrested in February 2007. He filed a lawsuit on June 22, 2009 against the Interior Ministry over the detention of his clients without charge. He was also hired by the British Embassy in Saudi Arabia to defend one of its nationals detained by Saudi authorities.
Abulkhair was one of those who signed a famous petition called “Toward a State of Rights and Institutions”.
Demanding the release of detainees who he considered to be political prisoners, Waleed organized what he called "the first hunger strike campaign in Saudi Arabia for human rights", lasting for 48 hours. Due to this, he was invited in Mexico City to a summit named the “Alliance of Youth Movement”.
He signed other two more petitions in 2011, "Towards a State of Rights and Institutions", the "National Declaration for Reform", which called for radical reforms in the political system, and coincided with waves of protests against Arab regimes.
He is the founder, in 2008, of Monitor for Human Rights in Saudi Arabia (MHRSA), an independent human rights organization. In December of that year the Monitor site was blocked, resulting in it being rebuilt on social networking site Facebook. However, in May 2009, this page was also blocked. In 2012, Waleed registered and licensed the Monitor at the Canadian Ministry of Labor. Thus, MHRSA became the first Saudi human rights organization to be licensed abroad. Waleed Abulkhair then sent a letter appealing to King Abduallah to allow recognition of the organization in Saudi Arabia. The Royal Court replied by transmitting the request to the Interior Ministry, which opened an investigation into the organization.
In March 2012, Abulkhair was nominated by the US State Department to attend an extensive course for six-week titled "Democratic leaders" at Syracuse University in New York sponsored by the US State Department, but the Bureau of Investigation and Prosecution in Jeddah summoned him and told him that he was banned from traveling.
Smood, the weekly salon As a reaction to the Saudi authorities decision to shut down Bridges Café in Jeddah, which was a meeting point for Saudi youth to talk and discuss several topics, in 2013 Abu al-Khair started a weekly gathering in his living room, hosting a few dozen of people, most of them politically engaged Saudi youth from different backgrounds. Topics focused on political, religious and human rights issues, in addition to cultural and intellectual subjects. The salon is named “Smood” (صمود), an Arabic word that can be translated as "resistance" or "steadfastness".
Smood was attacked heavily by many conservatives in social media and on TV. It has been claimed that the salon encouraged atheism and skepticism, especially after Hamza Kashgari’s case, knowing that he was a personal friend of Abu al-Khair and many other regular visitors to the meetings. One day, few conservatives visited Smood and secretly recorded the discussion without the attendees' permission; on the next day, they tweeted negatively about the topics discussed and the type of people attending Smood. Moreover, they contacted a TV show and requested from the government and the Hai'ia to take serious action against such meetings. Abulkhair defended his salon by saying that he is offering the freedom of speech, the freedom of belief and the freedom of expression, things that cannot be provided outside the door of his house. Abulkhair mentioned his salon in an article that he posted in the Washington Post titled "Steadfast in pursuing a freer Saudi Arabia".
Samar Badawi and Raif Badawi cases Abulkhair was the lawyer of both Samar Badawi, and her brother Raif Badawi. Samar Badawi is a Saudi woman who was detained in jail for seven months because of accusations ofdisobeying her father. Abulkhair took up her case and defended her in Saudi courts. He also launched a campaign to demand her release by using various social media such as Twitter and Facebook. In addition, he created a special blog to publish all updates and documents related to the case. After three weeks, the campaign had achieved its goals and Badawi was released from prison.
Abulkhair represented Raif Badawi, founder of the Saudi Liberal Network Internet discussion group, after he was arrested for establishing the network and charged with "committing violations of legitimacy" and "insulting the Divine self". Abulkhair represented Raif before detention when he was sentenced to death for insulting religion but he dropped the case and then directly he was detained, and Raif was sentenced to jail.
Media presence Abulkhair conducted interviews with international media, including those with Kevin Sliven of the Washington Post, Jacob Timblin of Time magazine, and Pierre Pray of Le Figaro newspaper, as well as Frank Gardner of the BBC. Abulkhair also wrote several articles for non-Saudi newspapers, including two essays for The Washington Post first titled "Steadfast in pursuing a freer Saudi Arabia". and the other entitled "prison sentence for peaceful activity in Saudi Arabia". He also wrote an article entitled "Obstacle in Front of Saudis and Fear" published by the Institute for War and Peace Reporting, and wrote an article published on MSNBC entitled "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and stifle dissent in the name of combating terrorism".
Abulkhair also wrote more than 300 articles in local newspapers in Arabic in which he addressed various legal and human rights issues.
Amnesty International published the last article written by Waleed Abulkhair before his imprisonment, entitled "Even from prison, you can still light a candle", after his imprisonment.
The last meeting with him before his arrest was with Alasr magazine, in which he stated that "the ACPRA association is no longer an association only, but is an idea, and the idea is bulletproof, and resist arrests and repression. It is an excuse to God and to the people. ACPRA is a historical case in this spot of world to improve that people have not liked all this injustice and stood bravely against it". He added a sort of speech saying: "We sacrifice for so long dear Friends, it is a difficult time in which our sincerity and loyalty to our principles and colleagues are tested. This time we will not realize the value of our actions, but after a while, as we do not realize the value of love until we give it, then we can reach the noble goals and surrender to the pain. Blessed are those who meet our free colleagues. To my mother and my father and the rest of my family: I do not know if I’m going to be released after 3 months or stay longer, but what I'm doing is the right thing, I did not let down freedom on which I was raised. So be proud, make sure that your son did not steal, loot or hypocrite, your son told the oppressor this is unfair..."
On 26 August 2014, the Washington Post published an article entitled "Saudi Arabia Continues its Outrageous Repression on Human Rights Activists" in which it wrote about the judgment against Abulkhair, describing it as "the latest in a long and sorrowful series of persecutions of those who stand for human rights and dignity in the kingdom".
International conferences