Kolosov (masculine, ) or Kolosova (feminine, ) is a Russian surname, which is derived from the Russian word "колос" (wheat ear). Notable people with the surname include:
Alexandra Kolosova (1802–1880), Russian actress Alisa Kolosova (born 1987), Russian opera singer Andrei Kolosov (born 1989), Belarusian ice hockey player Eugenia Kolosova (1780–1869), Russian ballerina Gury Kolosov (1867–1936), Russian Soviet mathematician Jacqueline Kolosov, American poet and writer Margarita Kolosov (born 2004), German rhythmic gymnast Sergei Kolosov (born 1986), Belarusian ice hockey player Sergey Kolosov (1921–2012), Russian Soviet film director and screenwriter Yakym Kolosov, regional police ispravnic, founder of Yakymivka
See also Cape Kolosov, a headland of Antarctica