Onyshchenko (), also transliterated as Onyschenko, is a Ukrainian surname. There exists a Russified version of the surname, Anishchenko ().
Notable people with the surname include:
Boris Onishchenko (born 1937), Ukrainian modern pentathlete Denys Onyshchenko (born 1978), Ukrainian footballer Oleksandr Onyshchenko (born 1969), Ukrainian politician Volodymyr Onyshchenko (born 1949), Soviet footballer and Ukrainian manager
See also Onishchenko Anishchenko