Urim is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. It is also known as Kalp; dialects are Kukwo, Yangkolen. There is a grammatical description by Hemmilä and Luoma (2009).Hemmilä, Ritva, and Luoma, Pirkko. 2009. Urim grammar. http://www.sil.org/pacific/png/abstract.asp?id=52255
Phonology Urim has vowel length contrast, but only for monosyllabic words. Urim also has the prestopped nasals /pm/, /tn/, and /kŋ/.
Urim minimal pairs with short and long vowels: ‘time’, ‘tree trunk’ ‘wild sago’, ‘outside’
Pre-stopped nasals contrast with non-pre-stopped nasals: ‘species of plant’, waŋ ‘time’, ‘fire’ ‘enough’, yan ‘father’, ‘walk’ ‘nose’, ‘you (pl)’ ‘wasp’, ‘earthquake’, ‘liver’
Pronouns Pronouns are:
! !! singular !! dual !! paucal !! plural |- ! 1incl | || || || mentepm |- ! 1excl | kupm || mentakŋ || minto || men |- ! 2 | kitn || kipmekŋ || kipmteŋ || kipm |- ! 3 | kil || tuwekŋ || tuteŋ || tu
Like the Lower Sepik-Ramu languages, Urim (as well as Kombio) distinguishes dual and paucal pronouns.
References