The list of early modern universities in Europe comprises all universities that existed in early modern Europe (1501–1800). It also includes short-lived foundations and educational institutions whose university status is a matter of debate. The operation of the degree-awarding university with its corporate organization and relative autonomy, which had emerged in the Christian medieval world, was continued into the new era. The number of universities which had been in existence at one time during the period rose from around eighty medieval universities to nearly two hundred.Frijhoff 1996, pp. 80–89 While the universitas arrived in Eastern Europe as far as Moscow, many were established further west either by the new Protestant powers or the Catholic Counter-Reformation spearheaded by the Jesuits. At the same time, the Spanish founded colonial universities and the British colonial colleges in the New World, thus heralding the spread of the university as the center of higher learning around the globe (see List of oldest universities).Roberts, Rodriguez & Herbst 1996, pp. 256–284
Definition A short definition of the university and its defining characteristics as they evolved in the medieval and early modern era is offered by the multi-volume History of the University in Europe of the European University Association:
List of universities existing in the early modern age, but created before
The list is sorted by the date of recognition. Note that the date of recognition is not necessarily the date of creation : for example, a community of teachers and students existed per se in Paris during the 11th century. At places where more than one university was established, the name of the institution is given in brackets.
There were other institutions of higher education in the medieval and early modern period outside of the list such as: the Esztergom and the Kalocsa Universities the Boldogasszony College of Buda, Gyula, Nagybánya s or the Nagyőr Colleges but little information has survived beyond their existence.
11th century Recognized University Modern country established 1088 Bologna Italy 1096 Oxford England
12th century Recognized University Modern country 1175ModenaItaly1126-96VeszprémHungary
13th century
Recognized University Modern country Beginning of 13th c. Paris France Beginning of 13th c. Montpellier France 1209–25 Cambridge England 1212 Palencia Spain 1215 Arezzo Italy Before 1218/9 Salamanca Spain 1222 Padua Italy 1224 Naples Italy 1229 Toulouse France 1231 Salerno Italy c.1235 Orléans France 1241 Valladolid Spain 1246 Siena Italy c.1250 Angers France1261NorthamptonEngland 1272 Murcia Spain 1290 Macerata Italy 1290 Lisbon Portugal 1293 Madrid Spain 1300 Lleida Spain
14th century
Recognized University Modern country 1303 Avignon France 1303 Rome (Sapienza) Italy1304-1305Dominican College of BudaHungary 1308 Coimbra Portugal 1308 Perugia Italy 1332 Cahors France1333StamfordEngland 1336 Camerino Italy 1339 Grenoble France 1343 Pisa Italy 1347 Prague (Charles University, in German and Czech) Czech Republic 1349 Firenze Italy 1350 Perpignan France 1354 Huesca Spain 1361 Pavia Italy 1364 Cracow Poland 1365 Orange France 1365 Vienna Austria 1367Pécsi Tudományegyetem: University of Pécs, 1367. Eds.: Harka, Glass. Pécs: UP, (2007); Fényes, Miklós: Középkori egyetemek Magyarországon, A Pécsi Egyetem története, in: Bibliographie internationale l'histoire des Universités II, Genève, Librairie Droz, (1976). Pécs Hungary 1369 Lucca Italy 1386 Heidelberg Germany 1388 Cologne Germany 1389 Erfurt Germany 1391 Ferrara Italy 1395 Óbuda Hungary 1396 Zadar Croatia
15th century
Recognized University Modern country 1402 Würzburg Germany 1404 Turin Italy 1409 Leipzig Germany 1409 Aix-en-Provence France 1412 Parma Italy 1413 St Andrews Scotland 1419 Rostock Germany 1422 Dole France 1425 Leuven Belgium 1431 Poitiers France 1432 Caen France 1434 Catania Italy 1441 Bordeaux France 1450 Barcelona Spain 1451 Glasgow Scotland 1452 Valence France 1453 Istanbul Turkey 1454 Trier Germany 1456 Greifswald Germany 1457 Freiburg Germany 1459 Basel Switzerland 1459 Ingolstadt Germany 1460 Nantes France 1464 Bourges France 1465 Bratislava Hungary (now Slovakia) 1470 Venice Italy 1471 Genoa Italy 1474 Zaragoza Spain 1476 Mainz Germany 1476 Tübingen Germany 1477 Uppsala Sweden 1479 Copenhagen Denmark 1483 Palma, Majorca Spain 1489 Sigüenza Spain 1495 Old Aberdeen Scotland 1498 Frankfurt on the Oder Germany 1499 Alcalá de Henares Spain 1500 Valencia Spain
List of universities created in the early modern age 16th century
Recognized University Modern country 1502 Wittenberg Germany 1505 Seville (Santa María de Jesús) Spain 1506Frankfurt (Oder)Germany 1516 Seville (Santo Tomás) Spain 1521 Toledo Spain 1526 Santiago de Compostela Spain 1527 Marburg Germany 1531Jílek 1984, pp. 75–322 Granada Spain 1534 Sahagún Spain 1537 Lausanne Switzerland1538DebrecenHungary 1539 Nîmes France 1540 Macerata Italy 1540 Oñate Spain 1542 Baeza Spain 1544 Königsberg (disbanded 1945) Poland, Prussia 1547 Gandía Spain 1548 Reims France 1548 Messina Italy 1548 Tournon France 1548/9 Osuna Spain c.1550 Irache Spain 1550 Almagro Spain 1550 Osma (Santa Catalina) Spain 1551 Tortosa Spain 1551 National University of San Marcos Peru 1552 Orihuela Spain 1553 Dillingen Germany 1556 Milan Italy 1556 Prague (Collegium Clementinum) Czech Republic 1556 Rome (Gregorianum) Italy 1557/8 Jena Germany 1558/9 Évora Portugal 1559 Geneva Switzerland 1559 Nice France 1559/60 Douai France 1560 Mondovì Italy 1562 Ancona Italy 1565 Estella Spain 1568 Braunsberg Poland 1570 Olomouc Czech Republic 1572 Pont-à-Mousson France 1574 Oviedo Spain 1574 Tarragona Spain 1575 Leiden Netherlands 1575/6 Helmstedt Germany 1576 Ávila Spain1576OstrohUkraine 1577Carlo Longo O.P., La formazione integrale domenicana al servizio della Chiesa e della società, Edizioni Studio Domenicano, 1996, "J. Solano O.P. (1505 ca.-1580) e la fondazione del "collegium S, Thomae de Urbe (1577)" https://books.google.com/books?id=gMW2uqe2MCwC&pg=PA156 Accessed 2-15-2013 Rome, Collegium Divi Thomae, (Angelicum) Italy 1578 Palermo Italy 1579 Vilnius Lithuania 1581 Cluj-Napoca, Babeș-Bolyai University Principality of Transylvania (now Romania) 1582/3 Edinburgh Scotland 1583 Orthez France 1585 Fermo Italy 1585 Franeker Netherlands 1585/6 Graz Austria 1587 El Escorial Spain 1587 Girona Spain 1592University of Malta: History Valletta (Collegium Melitense) Malta 1592 Trinity College Dublin Ireland1592FraserburghScotland 1593 Marischal College Scotland 1594 Zamość Poland 1596/1604 Saumur France 1598 Montauban France 1599 Vic Spain 1599/1602 Sedan France
17th century
Recognized University Modern country 1601/4 Die France 1603 Aix-en-Provence (Collège royal Bourbon) France 1607 Giessen Germany 1612/4 Groningen Netherlands 1614 Solsona Spain1615Kyiv (Mohyla Academy)Ukraine 1614/6 Paderborn Germany 1617 Sassari Italy 1617/8 Molsheim France 1619 Pamplona Spain 1620 Germany 1620/5 Salzburg Austria 1606University of Cagliari: History Cagliari Italy 1621 Strassburg France 1622/3 Altdorf Germany 1625 Mantua Italy 1629/32 Osnabrück Germany 1632 Tartu (Dorpat) Estonia 1633 Germany 1634IașiMoldavia 1635 Trnava (became ELTE, PPCU and SE) Hungary (now Slovakia) 1636 Utrecht Netherlands 1640 Turku Finland 1647/8 Harderwijk Netherlands 1648 Bamberg Germany 1652 Kiel Germany1653DurhamEngland 1654 Duisburg Germany 1655 Nijmegen Netherlands 1657 Košice Hungary (now Slovakia) 1661 Lviv Ukraine 1665 Prešov Hungary (now Slovakia) 1666/8 Lund Sweden 1668 Innsbruck Austria 1669 Zagreb Croatia 1671 Urbino Italy 1671 Montbéliard France 1674 Linz Austria 1685 Strasbourg France 1691 Besançon France 1693/4 Halle Germany
18th century
Recognized University Modern country 1701 La Laguna Spain 1702 Breslau Poland1707 Iași Romania1710Charité (University of Medicine)Germany 1714/7 Cervera Spain 1722 Dijon France 1722 Pau France 1724 Saint Petersburg Russia 1727 Camerino Italy 1732/4 Fulda Germany 1733/7 Göttingen Germany 1735 Rennes France 1742/3 Erlangen Germany1745Braunschweig (Technische Hochschule)Germany 1748 Altamura Italy 1755 Moscow Russia 1760 Bützow Germany 1765 Corte France1765Freiberg (Technische Hochschule)Germany 1768 Nancy France 1769 Malta Malta1770Berlin (Technische Hochschule)Germany 1771Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Geschichte der Universität Münster Münster Germany 1772/3 Modena Italy 1773 Istanbul Technical University Turkey1775Clausthal (Technische Hochschule)Germany 1777 Bonn Germany 1781 Stuttgart Germany 1782 Budapest University of Technology and Economics Hungary
See also History of European research universities
Notes
References Citations
Sources
Frijhoff, Willem: "Patterns", in: Ridder-Symoens, Hilde de (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. II: Universities in Early Modern Europe (1500–1800), Cambridge University Press, 1996, , pp. 43–113 (80–89) Pécsi Tudományegyetem: University of Pécs, 1367, Eds.: Harka, Glass. Pécs: UP, (2007). Fényes, Miklós: Középkori egyetemek Magyarországon, A Pécsi Egyetem története, in: Bibliographie internationale l'histoire des Universités, II, Genève, Librairie Droz, (1976). Jílek, Jubor (ed.): "Historical Compendium of European Universities/Répertoire Historique des Universités Européennes", Standing Conference of Rectors, Presidents and Vice-Chancellors of the European Universities (CRE), Geneva 1984. Roberts, John; Rodriguez Cruz, Agueda M.; Herbst, Jürgen: "Exporting Models", in: Ridder-Symoens, Hilde de (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. II: Universities in Early Modern Europe (1500–1800), Cambridge University Press, 1996, , pp. 256–284. Rüegg, Walter: "Foreword. The University as a European Institution", in: Ridder-Symoens, Hilde de (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. I: Universities in the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, 1992, , pp. XIX–XX.
Further reading Rüegg, Walter (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. III: Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800–1945), Cambridge University Press, 2004, Rüegg, Walter (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. IV: Universities Since 1945, Cambridge University Press, 2011,