The list of modern universities in Europe (1801–1940) contains all universities that were founded in Europe after the French Revolution and before the end of World War II. Universities are regarded as comprising all institutions of higher education recognized as universities by the public or ecclesiastical authorities in charge and authorized to confer academic degrees in more than one faculty. Temporary foundations are also included. Where institutions not meeting the definition of a University are included (e.g. university colleges) these are indicated by footnotes.
At the outset of the 19th century, European universities had been severely affected by the Napoleonic Wars, their number falling in the brief span of time between 1789 and 1815 from 143 to 83.Rüegg 2004, p. 3 By 1840 their number recovered to 98 universities with approximately 80,000 students and 5,000 professors. Notwithstanding the trend towards specialized institutions of higher learning – in France, for instance, the universities had been suppressed and replaced by Grandes écoles – the size of the student and professor bodies multiplied over the next hundred years, attaining a size of 600,000 and 32,000 members respectively at around two hundred universities. In total, the period saw about 220 universities in existence that are listed below.Rüegg 2004, pp. 673–691This number also includes Russian universities in the Asian part of the country which are not included in this list.
List
The list is sorted by the date of recognition. At places where more than one university was established, the name of the institution is given in brackets.
19th century
Recognized University Modern country 1802 Tartu (Dorpat) Estonia 1803 Rennes France 1804 Kazan (State University) Russia 1804 Kharkiv Ukraine 1805 Clermont-Ferrand (University of Auvergne) France 18061707 - 1806 as institute that was formally part of University of Prague, from 1806 onwards as stand-alone institution Prague Polytechnic Czech Republic 1808 Lyon (Claude Bernard University) France 1808 Rouen France 1808 Belgrade Serbia 1810 Berlin (Humboldt University) Germany 1811 Oslo (formerly Christiania) Norway 1816 Warsaw Poland 1816 Liège Belgium 1816/17 Ghent Belgium 1817 Leuven (State University) Belgium 1817 Lille France 1818 Bonn Germany 1822 Lampeter Wales 1823 Corfu Greece1825Karlsruhe (Institute of Technology)Germany 1826 London (University College) England1828Dresden (Technical University)Germany 1829 London (King's College) England 1829 Copenhagen (Technical University) Denmark1829StuttgartGermany 1831 Namur Belgium1831Hannover Germany 1832 Durham England 1833 Zurich Switzerland 1834 Bern Switzerland 1834 Leuven (Catholic University) Belgium 1834 Brussels (Free University of) Belgium 1834 Kyiv Ukraine 1836 London (University of) England1836Chemnitz (Technical University)Germany 1837 Athens (University of) Greece 1845 Belfast Northern Ireland 1845 Cork Ireland 1845 Galway Ireland 1851 Manchester (Owens College) England 1854 Dublin (Catholic University) Ireland 1854 Kampen (Theological University of the Reformed Churches) Netherlands 1855 ETH Zurich Switzerland 1858 Brussels (Saint-Louis University) Belgium 1860 Iași Romania 1864 Bucharest Romania 1865 Odessa Ukraine 1868 Moscow (Technical University) Russia1868Munich (Technical University)Germany 1869 Zagreb Croatia1870Aachen (RWTH)Germany 1871 Newcastle England 1872 Sciences Po France 1872 Geneva Switzerland 1872 Aberystwyth Wales 1872 Cluj-Napoca (Franz Joseph University) Romania 1874 Leeds England 1875 Czernowitz Ukraine 1875 Angers France 1875 Lille (Catholic University) France 1875 Lyon France 1875 Paris France 1875 Birmingham England 1876 Bristol England 1877 Darmstadt (Technical University) Germany 1877 Toulouse France 1877 Stockholm Sweden 1879 Sheffield England 1880 Amsterdam (Free University) Netherlands 1880 Manchester (Victoria University) England 1881 Nottingham England 1881 Dundee Scotland 1883 Liverpool England 1883 Cardiff Wales 1884 Bangor Wales 1886 University of Deusto website: History and Mission (retrieved 9 Sept 2012) Deusto Spain 1887 Athens (Technical) Greece 1888 Sofia Bulgaria 1889 Fribourg Switzerland 1890 Lausanne Switzerland 1893 Wales Wales1894Ilmenau (Institute of Technology)Germany 1896 Mons Belgium 1899 Brno University of Technology Czech Republic
20th century
Recognized University Modern country 1901 Reading England 1902 Southampton England 1904 Comillas Spain 1904 Příbram (Mining University) Czech Republic 1905 Belgrade Serbia 1907 London (Imperial College) England 1908 Rome (Angelicum) Italy 1909 Neuchâtel Switzerland 1909 Saratov Russia 1911 Reykjavík Iceland 1911 Porto Portugal 1912 Debrecen Hungary 1913Гісторыя Магілёўскага дзяржаўнага універсітэта (1913—1940 гг.): дакументы і матэрыялы / аўт.-склад.: А. Р. Агееў, К. М. Бандарэнка, В. П. Клімковіч; пад агульн. рэд. К. М. Бандарэнкі. — Магілёў: МДУ імя А. А. Куляшова, 2008. — 216 с. Mogilev Belarus 1913Rüegg 2004, pp. 39 Rotterdam (Erasmus University) Netherlands 1914 Frankfurt Germany 1915 Murcia Spain 1915 Rostov-on-Don Russia 1916Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Central Archives, fund 377. Nizhny Novgorod Russia 1917 Turku (Åbo Akademi) Finland 1917 Perm Russia 1918 Tbilisi Georgia 1918 Dnipro Ukraine 1918 Smolensk Russia 1918 Petrograd (Communist University) Russia 1918 Moscow (State Pedagogical University) Russia 1918 Voronezh Russia1918Simferopol (Taurida University)Ukraine 1919 Baku State University Azerbaijan 1919 Warsaw (Free Polish University) Poland 1919 Bratislava Slovakia 1919 Brno (Masaryk University) Czech Republic 1919 Brno (Mendel University) Czech Republic 1919 Hamburg Germany 1919 Ljubljana Slovenia 1919 Poznań Poland 1919 Riga Latvia 1919 Tallinn (Pedagogical) Estonia 1919 Moscow (Sverdlov University) Russia 1919 Cluj-Napoca Romania 1919 Tilburg Netherlands 1920 Athens (Agricultural) Greece 1920 Yerevan State University Armenia 1920 Turku (University of) Finland 1920 Sofia (UNWE) Bulgaria 1920 Milan (Catholic University) Italy 1920 Lublin Poland 1920 Bucharest (Politehnica) Romania 1920 Timișoara Romania 1920 Samara Russia 1920 Yekaterinburg Russia 1920 Swansea Wales 1921 Minsk Belarus 1921 Moscow (KUNMZ) Russia 1921 Moscow (KUTV) Russia 1921 Pécs Hungary 1921 Szeged Hungary 1922 Kaunas Lithuania 1923 Nijmegen (Radboud University) Netherlands 1923 Bari Italy 1923 Tbilisi Georgia 1924 Milan (University of) Italy 1924 Trieste Italy 1925 Thessaloniki Greece 1927 Geneva (Graduate Institute of International Studies) Switzerland 1930 Lisbon (Technical University) Portugal 1934 Aarhus Denmark 1937 Bratislava (Technical University) Slovakia 1937 Iași (Gheorghe Asachi) Romania 1940 Salamanca (Pontifical University) Spain 1940 Chișinău Moldova
See also List of universities and colleges in Europe History of European universities List of oldest universities in continuous operation List of early modern universities in Europe
Notes
References
Sources Rüegg, Walter: "Themes", in: Rüegg, Walter (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. III: Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800–1945), Cambridge University Press, 2004, , pp. 3–31 Rüegg, Walter: "European Universities and Similar Institutions in Existence between 1812 and the End of 1944: A Chronological List: Universities", in: Rüegg, Walter (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. III: Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800–1945), Cambridge University Press, 2004, , pp. 673–691
Further reading Jílek, Jubor (ed.): "Historical Compendium of European Universities/Répertoire Historique des Universités Européennes", Standing Conference of Rectors, Presidents and Vice-Chancellors of the European Universities (CRE), Geneva 1984 Ridder-Symoens, Hilde de (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. I: Universities in the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, 1992, Ridder-Symoens, Hilde de (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. II: Universities in Early Modern Europe (1500–1800), Cambridge University Press, 1996, Rüegg, Walter (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. IV: Universities Since 1945, Cambridge University Press, 2011,