The year 1592 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy November–December – Appearance of the Guest stars observed by Korean astronomers.
Biology Prospero Alpini publishes De Plantis Aegypti liber in Venice.
Geography August 9 – English explorer John Davis, commander of the Desire, probably discovers the Falkland Islands. An abridgement of Muhammad al-Idrisi's 12th-century geographical compilation is published as De geographia universali or Kitāb Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī dhikr al-amṣār wa-al-aqṭār wa-al-buldān wa-al-juzur wa-al-madā’ in wa-al-āfāq in Rome.
Mathematics March 14 – Ultimate 'Pi Day': the largest correspondence between calendar dates and significant digits of pi since the introduction of the Julian calendar. Giovanni Antonio Magini publishes De Planis Triangulis, describing use of the quadrant in surveying and astronomy, and .
Physics Galileo invents the thermometer.
Technology March – Korean Admiral Yi Sun-sin perfects the armed turtle ship.
Institutions Trinity College Dublin is established.
Births April 22 – Wilhelm Schickard, German inventor of the first mechanical calculator (died 1635)
Deaths May – Sir Thomas Cavendish, English explorer (born 1560) October 14 - Urbain Hémard, French physician and dentist (born circa 1548) Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, Spanish explorer and scientist (born 1532)
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