The Angan or Kratke Range languages are a family of the Trans–New Guinea languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross. The Angan languages are clearly valid as a family. They were first identified as such by J. Lloyd and A. Healey in 1968; Wurm (1975) classified them as Trans–New Guinea. Glottolog treats Angan as a separate or unclassified family, ignoring further evidence.
The languages are spoken in the Kratke Range of Eastern Highlands Province and adjoining areas of Gulf Province and Morobe Province.
Languages Ross (2005) classifies the languages as follows:
Angan Angaatiha Angan proper (Nuclear Angan) Angan branch A: Hamtai (Kapau) Kamasa Kawatsa Menya Yagwoia Angan branch B: Akoye (Lohiki) Yipma (Baruya) Safeyoka Simbari Susuami Tainae (Ivori)
Branch A is defined by the pronouns ni and ti. Ankave is not listed in Ross's classification. It has the pronouns based on ni, but not a based on ti.
Usher (2020) is both more agnostic and contradicting of Ross's 'A' and 'B' branches:NewGuineaWorld
Kratke Range Angaataha Yagwoia Northeast: Kamasa, Kawacha, Safeyoka, Susuami Northwest: Baruya (Yipma), Simbari Southeast: Hamtai (Kapau), Menya Southwest: Akoye (Lohiki) – Tainae (Ivori), Angave
Menya is notable for its dyadic kinship terms (terms referring to the relationship two or more people have to each other), which are rare globally and not prevalent in Papua New Guinea (though they also exist in the Oksapmin language).The Oksapmin Kinship System , retrieved May 21, 2009.
Many Angan languages are covered by phonological sketches in Lloyd (1973a, b).Lloyd, Richard G. 1973a The Angan language family. In: Franklin (ed.), 31–110.Lloyd, Richard G. 1973b The Angan language family: Neighbouring languages. In: Franklin (ed.), 93–94.
Pronouns Ross (1995) reconstructs the pronouns (independent and object prefixes) as follows:
! !!singular!!dual!!plural |- !1st person |*nə, *ni*nə- |*nʌ, *yʌi*e(a)- |*nʌi*na- |- !2nd person |*gə, *ti*gə- |*kʌi |*sʌi*se- |- !3rd person |*gʌ*u-/*w- |?(=) |*ku(=)
Vocabulary comparison The following basic vocabulary words are from the Trans-New Guinea database:
The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. mɨnyagɨnya, magɨna, munakɨna for “head”) or not (e.g. sanggwa, avgwo, nyɨla for “sun”).
gloss Ankave Akoye Baruya Hamtai Kamasa Kawacha Menya Safeyoka Simbari Tainae Yagwoia Angaataha head mɨnga(yi) mɨnggaaya mɨnyagɨnya mnga magɨna munakɨna mnyanga mɨnakɨna minta mɨnggaai mnakɨna mɨtɨ-'o hair nda'a n̩daa(vɨ') mɨjata mta njisa msa'a mta; nda mɨsa mindata ṃde msaasa mɨsis-a'a ear haara'a araa kadɨka qata kata'a kaatɨga qata haaraha kaantɨka aarɨ(na) qatisa atɨ'-ɨrɨ eye sɨmu(yi) aagwaai tɨnna hingo tuma tɨmma hingwa tɨma sɨmta haagwe hina nt-a'a nose sɨ'ma hamɨ sɨnna hima sipata lɨpasi hima zamaana sɨmputa hamɨ himsa mant-a'a tooth maangɨ maaga maanga maanga maanga maanga heqwaanga maanga maanka maage maana mank-ɨrɨ tongue aai'wɨ aabgwa; aavwia taalɨta aaiwa tewa teva tewa meraanya kwaavlɨlɨ aaveona hyaalsa omas-a'a leg sugwaaviaga avga sɨvɨla yanga sugwa lɨvya zuka zɨve sɨwla habgu' kwapɨtwalyɨ au'-ɨrɨ louse iya ye yɨle iyaa'aa iya iya yaaqa iyaa ila nde' ila akɨrɨ-'o dog sɨwia tayo jɨlɨka hive'aa suya lɨvaaya hivyeqa zɨwasa njɨlɨka tɨyo wakyɨ su'-ɨrɨ bird inga inko yuta inga manɨwa mɨnavaaya yinga yɨhuva ntaqatɨ inko qaikwɨsa ko-'o egg ki'mɨnga m̩ge (yu)kwaraka mnga hi'imɨya mɨnya qwi mɨna pantapta ṃge'; munke' mna kwaatani-patɨ; nameraa-'o blood taangga taagi tawe hinge'aa kwe langaaya hangeqa saahana; yaa'mpaza mɨnjaaka taagi' msaasa nsɨtɨ-patɨ bone enga' yanggai yagɨnya yanga yakina yakɨna yaanga yakana yankinta yɨnggai yekɨna antɨ-tatɨ skin yaraa(na) yara(na) kɨlaaka hewa pa'a(me) paa(ga) hviwa (aa'ma)paaha kɨlaaka yarana aa'mosa ampɨ-patɨ breast aamunga aamɨgo aa(ng)wɨnya aamga aanya aamɨna aangwa aamna aamɨnta aamugo' aamna amwɨtɨ'-ɨrɨ tree ika' iga' ita iya isa iga iya iya ika igya isa i-patɨ man oga avo; waako kwala qoka kwe'wa kwe; kwoyava qoka hwe kwala avo kwala wo-'o woman aavagi abaagi bala aapaka amaa a'me; api apaka ape aampala avaagi aapala apop-aatɨ sun sanggwa avgwo nyɨla mapa mape mapiya mapa (tɨqa) mape kwɨnja; nilya habgo' mapya ipɨ-'o moon ema' aamnggo langwa qaamnga ki'yapa kaamɨna qaangwa haamna lampaaka imo' lamnyɨ waatɨ-'o water yɨnunggu inaaga aalya e'aa kwe('ma) aaya eqa aaya aalya; wanya (i)naagu aalyɨ wapo'-o fire ta'a ta(vɨ') dɨka ta ta'a tɨga ta tɨha ntɨka taa(vɨ') tɨsa sis-a'a stone sa'anga andaga sɨla hawa tega laasa hika zasa sɨla haai hekyɨ naw-a'a name avaa'nankana ntaga yaya (yavya) yav'a nyanyaawo yavya yavqa yave yavata taagɨ(va') yawyɨ ampɨ-patɨ eat n̲eo' n̲amda' n̲ɨwa' qan̲'i inyo minyo an̲ki haṉkaha an̲aantapyɨ nɨmda' hisa n̲aatana nanataise one naawona fonu' pɨrɨ' (na) fati (na) hunanɨnko uwa'na hɨnkwona ingava'na pɨrɨ'mɨna fono hɨnkwa'na nas- two uwa faaina pɨrɨwaai (na) hivaa'u hukwego huvaa'u hɨnqwaaqwo huvaa'u pɨvɨraalna foya hulwaaqwɨ ya-
References
Lloyd, R.G. "The Angan Language Family". In Franklin, K. editor, The linguistic situation in the Gulf District and adjacent areas, Papua New Guinea. C-26:31-110. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1973.