The Duna–Pogaya (Duna–Bogaia) languages are a proposed small family of Trans–New Guinea languages in the classification of Voorhoeve (1975), Ross (2005) and Usher (2018), consisting of two languages, Duna and Bogaya, which in turn form a branch of the larger Trans–New Guinea family. Glottolog, which is based largely on Usher, however finds the connections between the two languages to be tenuous, and the connection to TNG unconvincing.
Language contact Duna has had significant influence on Bogaya due to the socioeconomic dominance of Duna speakers over the less populous, less influential Bogaya speakers. Duna also has much more influence from Huli (a widely spoken Trans-New Guinea language) at 27–32 percent lexical similarity with Huli, while Duna has only 5–10 percent.
Pronouns Pronouns are:
! !!sg!!du!!pl |- !1 |*nó||*ge-na||*i-nu |- !2 |*gó|| || |- !3 |*kó|| ||*ki-nu
Vocabulary comparison The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970),McElhanon, K.A. and Voorhoeve, C.L. The Trans-New Guinea Phylum: Explorations in deep-level genetic relationships. B-16, vi + 112 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1970. Shaw (1973),Shaw, R.D. "A Tentative Classification of the Languages of the Mt Bosavi Region". In Franklin, K. editor, The linguistic situation in the Gulf District and adjacent areas, Papua New Guinea. C-26:187-215. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1973. and Shaw (1986),Shaw, R.D. "The Bosavi language family". In Laycock, D., Seiler, W., Bruce, L., Chlenov, M., Shaw, R.D., Holzknecht, S., Scott, G., Nekitel, O., Wurm, S.A., Goldman, L. and Fingleton, J. editors, Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 24. A-70:45-76. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1986. as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database.
The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. ɔwa, hewa for "sun") or not (e.g. fando, tete for "louse").
{| class="wikitable sortable" ! gloss !! Bogaya !! Duna |- ! head | yeľʌ; yela || kuni |- ! hair | heepi; yeľʌ eľika || hini |- ! ear | hona; hɔnʌn || kɔhane; konane |- ! eye | kina; kiːnʌn || le |- ! nose | kuuma; pfouľu || kuma |- ! tooth | yagai; yʌkʌi || ne; nee |- ! tongue | iki; ɩkin || ogone; ɔgɔne |- ! leg | yehei; yehʌi || tia |- ! louse | fando; fiľʌ || tete |- ! dog | ɔv̧ɔpi; yau || yawi |- ! pig | ʌpʌn || isa |- ! bird | aka; pitʌkʌ || heka |- ! egg | oondi; pitʌkʌ ɔ̃udi || hapa |- ! blood | sokoya; yesʌ || kuyila |- ! bone | hakale; hʌv̧ʌľe || kuni |- ! skin | hugwa; hukuʌn || pulu |- ! breast | alu; ʌľu || abu; adu; amu |- ! tree | dowa; tɔuʌ || lowa; lɔwa |- ! man | ami; ʌmĩ || anoa; anɔa |- ! woman | ĩmiʌ; imya || ima |- ! sun | owa; ɔwa || hewa |- ! moon | kaiyuu; kʌiu || eke |- ! water | paiyuku; pʌiuku || yu |- ! fire | dowada; tɔun || lɔwa kiliana; lowa puru |- ! stone | haana; hʌnʌ || kana; kuna |- ! name | ʌmĩn; yaga || yaka |- ! eat | nã; nosii || nai-; neyana |- ! one | mɔsʌ kɔmʌ; moso || du |- ! two | efʌn; yeefa || yapa
Evolution Duna reflexes of proto-Trans–New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:
amu ‘breast’ < *amu konane ‘ear’ < *kand(e,i)k(V] kuni ‘bone’ < *
References