Golikov () is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Golikova. It may refer to
Aleksandr Golikov (born 1952), Russian-Soviet ice hockey player (1931–2010), Russian malacologist Angelina Golikova (born 1991), Russian speed skater Arkady Gaidar, pen name of Soviet writer Arkady Golikov (1904–1941) Filipp Golikov (1900–1980), Russian-Soviet military commander Mikhail Golikov (born 1969), Russian football player Tatyana Golikova (born 1966), Russian economist Vladimir Golikov (born 1954), Russian-Soviet ice hockey player