This is a list of vascular plants which includes trees and other herbs, vines, climbers, lianas, shrubs, subshrubs that are native or endemic to Cuba. It excludes plants introduced by humans, including invasive species.
The list includes Cuban native plants identified by Plants of the World Online, unless otherwise noted.Endemic plants of Cuba, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) checklist builder. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 May 2025. This list is sorted in alphabetical order by plant family and then by binomial name. Endemic genera or species (native only to Cuba) are marked by *. Species believed extinct are indicated with †. Common names and native ranges are noted for some species.
Acanthaceae
Ancistranthus* Ancistranthus harpochiloides* Asystasia noliae* Avicennia germinans Barleriola saturejoides* Barleriola solanifolia Bravaisia berlandieriana Dasytropis* Dasytropis fragilis* – eastern Cuba (Sierra de Nipe) Dianthera comata Dianthera ovata Dianthera peploides* Dianthera reptans Dianthera rugeliana* Dianthera sagrana* Dicliptera sexangularis Dyschoriste bayatensis* Dyschoriste cubensis* Dyschoriste humistrata Dyschoriste parvula* Elytraria bissei* Elytraria cubana* Elytraria filicaulis* Elytraria planifolia* Elytraria serpens* – central Cuba Elytraria shaferi* Elytraria spathulifolia* Hygrophila costata Hygrophila urquiolae* Justicia agria* Justicia alainii* Justicia cubana* Justicia diversifolia* – I. de la Juventud Justicia mirabiloides Justicia periplocifolia Justicia roigii* Justicia stearnii* Justicia stenophylla* Justicia tomentosula* Lepidagathis alopecuroidea Odontonema lindavii* Odontonema nitidum Odontonema rubrum Oplonia acunae* Oplonia cubensis* Oplonia moana* Oplonia multigemma* Oplonia nannophylla* Oplonia polyece* Oplonia purpurascens* Oplonia spinosa Oplonia tetrasticha* Pachystachys spicata Ruellia blechioides Ruellia blechum Ruellia ciliatiflora Ruellia domingensis Ruellia geminiflora Ruellia macrophylla Ruellia paniculata Ruellia parvifolia Ruellia shaferiana Ruellia simplex Ruellia tuberosa Sapphoa* Sapphoa ekmanii* Sapphoa rigidifolia* – Sierra de Cristal Stenandrium arnoldii* – Holguín Stenandrium crenatum* – eastern Cuba Stenandrium droseroides Stenandrium ekmanii* Stenandrium heterotrichum* – eastern Cuba Stenandrium ovatum* – western Cuba Stenandrium pallidum* – eastern Cuba Stenandrium pinetorum* – I. de la Juventud Stenandrium scabrosum Stenandrium tuberosum Stenandrium wrightii* – eastern Cuba
Aizoaceae Sesuvium humifusum Sesuvium maritimum Sesuvium portulacastrum Sesuvium rubriflorum* – west-central Cuba Trianthema portulacastrum
Alismataceae
Albidella nymphaeifolia Aquarius cordifolius Aquarius floribundus Aquarius grisebachii Echinodorus berteroi Helanthium tenellum Limnocharis flava Sagittaria graminea Sagittaria guayanensis Sagittaria intermedia Sagittaria isoetiformis Sagittaria lancifolia Sagittaria latifolia
Alstroemeriaceae Bomarea edulis
Amaranthaceae
Achyranthes aspera Alternanthera axillaris Alternanthera caracasana Alternanthera crassifolia* Alternanthera ficoidea Alternanthera halimifolia Alternanthera littoralis Alternanthera paronychioides Alternanthera pungens Alternanthera serpyllifolia Alternanthera sessilis Alternanthera spinosa Amaranthus australis Amaranthus crassipes Amaranthus dubius Amaranthus minimus* – western Cuba Amaranthus polygonoides Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthus viridis Atriplex cristata Celosia nitida Celosia virgata Chamissoa altissima Cyathula achyranthoides Froelichia interrupta Gomphrena brittonii* – central Cuba Gomphrena muscoides Gomphrena vermicularis Iresine angustifolia Iresine cubensis* – western Cuba Iresine diffusa Iresine flavescens Salicornia bigelovii Salicornia perennis Suaeda linearis Suaeda nigra
Amaryllidaceae
Crinum oliganthum* – central Cuba Hymenocallis arenicola Hymenocallis caribaea Hymenocallis latifolia Hymenocallis ovata* Hymenocallis praticola* – central Cuba Zephyranthes citrina Zephyranthes cubensis* – western Cuba Zephyranthes insularum* Zephyranthes wrightii*
Anacardiaceae
Anacardium excelsum Comocladia dentata Comocladia intermedia* – southern Cuba Comocladia mollifolia Comocladia pinnatifolia Comocladia platyphylla* – central and eastern Cuba Metopium brownei Metopium toxiferum Metopium venosum Rhus copallinum Spondias mombin
Annonaceae
Annona bullata* Annona cascarilloides* – western Cuba Annona crassivenia* Annona cristalensis* – eastern Cuba Annona cubensis* – Sierra de Nipe Annona ekmanii* – Sierra de Nipe Annona havanensis* – west-central Cuba Annona glabra Annona moaensis* Annona montana Annona nipensis* – Sierra de Nipe Annona oblongifolia* – eastern Cuba Annona sclerophylla* – eastern Cuba Desmopsis neglecta* – eastern Cuba Guatteria blainii Oxandra lanceolata Oxandra laurifolia Xylopia acunae* Xylopia aromatica Xylopia ekmanii* – eastern Cuba Xylopia frutescens Xylopia obtusifolia* Xylopia roigii*
Apiaceae Asciadium* Asciadium coronopifolium* Centella erecta Eryngium foetidum Eryngium nasturtiifolium Lilaeopsis schaffneriana Ptilimnium capillaceum Tiedemannia filiformis
Apocynaceae
Anechites nerium Anemotrochus eggersii Anemotrochus yamanigueyensis* Angadenia berteroi Angadenia lindeniana Asclepias curassavica Asclepias nivea Asketanthera calycosa Cameraria latifolia Cameraria microphylla – Camagüey Cameraria obovalis* – eastern Cuba (Cerro de Miraflores) Cameraria orientensis* – eastern Cuba Cameraria retusa* – western and central Cuba Cynanchum cubense* Cynanchum racemosum Cynanchum racemosum var. havanense* – west-central Cuba Echites agglutinatus Echites brevipedunculatus* Echites cajalbanicus* Echites umbellatus Fischeria crispiflora Fischeria scandens Forsteronia spicata Funastrum clausum Gonolobus bakeri* Gonolobus ottonis* Gonolobus stephanotrichus Ibatia maritima Ibatia mollis* – western and central Cuba Mandevilla subsagittata Mandevilla torosa Matelea alainii* – eastern Cuba Matelea angustifolia* † Matelea grisebachiana* eastern Cuba Matelea tamnifolia* – western and central Cuba Mesechites minimus* – east-central and eastern Cuba Mesechites roseus* Metastelma bahamense Metastelma brachystephanum* Metastelma cubense* Metastelma decipiens Metastelma hamatum Metastelma hamatum* Metastelma linearifolium Metastelma pauciflorum* Metastelma penicillatum Metastelma pubipetalum* Metastelma readii Metastelma rupicola* Meveampelos* Meveampelos bicolor* – southeastern Cuba Meveampelos ekmanii* – eastern Cuba Neobracea acunana* - eastern Cuba Neobracea angustifolia* – western Cuba Neobracea bahamensis Neobracea ekmanii* – eastern Cuba Neobracea howardii* – east-central Cuba Neobracea martiana* – eastern Cuba Neobracea susannina* – eastern Cuba Neobracea valenzuelana* Orthosia scoparia Oxypetalum cordifolium Pattalias palustris Pentalinon luteum Pinochia corymbosa Plumeria clusioides* Plumeria cubensis* Plumeria ekmanii* Plumeria emarginata* Plumeria filifolia* – eastern Cuba Plumeria lanata* Plumeria montana* Plumeria obtusa Plumeria trinitensis* Plumeria venosa* Ptycanthera acuminata* – eastern Cuba Ptycanthera nipensis* – eastern Cuba (Sierra de Nipe) Ptycanthera oblongata* – western Cuba Ptycanthera ovatifolia – eastern Cuba and Hispaniola Ptycanthera tigrina* - eastern Cuba Rauvolfia biauriculata Rauvolfia cubana* Rauvolfia × ivanovii* (R. ligustrina × R. viridis) Rauvolfia ligustrina Rauvolfia linearifolia* – eastern Cuba Rauvolfia nitida Rauvolfia salicifolia* Rhabdadenia biflora Ruehssia affinis* – eastern Cuba Ruehssia campanulata* Ruehssia clausa Ruehssia cubensis* Ruehssia fusca Ruehssia linearis Ruehssia longiflora* Ruehssia saturejifolia Ruehssia umbellata* Ruehssia vinciflora* Ruehssia yamanigueyensis* Ruehssia linearis* Tabernaemontana alba Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia Tabernaemontana apoda* Tabernaemontana citrifolia Tassadia richardiana* Thevetia ahouai Tylodontia* Tylodontia cubensis* – western Cuba Tylodontia fuscula* – eastern Cuba Tylodontia stipitata* Tylodontia urceolata* – eastern Cuba Vallesia antillana Vallesia montana
Aquifoliaceae
Ilex bahiahondica* Ilex berteroi – southeastern Cuba and Hispaniola Ilex cassine Ilex clementis* – south-central Cuba Ilex cubana – southeastern Cuba and Hispaniola Ilex eoa – southeastern Cuba Ilex gundlachiana – southeastern Cuba Ilex hypaneura – southeastern Cuba Ilex macfadyenii Ilex macfadyenii subsp. macfadyenii Ilex macfadyenii var. moana* – eastern Cuba Ilex manitzii* – eastern Cuba (Sierra de Cristal) Ilex nitida Ilex obcordata Ilex sideroxyloides Ilex valenzuelana* – southeastern Cuba Ilex victorinii* – eastern Cuba Ilex walsinghamii* – southeastern Cuba (Yunque de Baracoa)
Araceae
Anthurium cubense Anthurium gymnopus* Anthurium scandens Anthurium thompsoniae* – southeastern Cuba Anthurium venosum – western Cuba and Jamaica Dieffenbachia seguine Lemna aequinoctialis Lemna valdiviana Peltandra virginica Philodendron consanguineum Philodendron fragrantissimum Philodendron hederaceum Philodendron jacquinii Philodendron lacerum Pistia stratiotes Spirodela polyrhiza Spirodela punctata Syngonium auritum Wolffia brasiliensis Wolffiella lingulata Wolffiella welwitschii Xanthosoma cubense*
Araliaceae
Aralia duplex* Aralia rex* – west-central and central Cuba Dendropanax arboreus Dendropanax cuneifolius* – western and central Cuba Dendropanax nervosus* – Sierra del Cristal Didymopanax morototoni Hydrocotyle bonariensis Hydrocotyle hirsuta Hydrocotyle oligantha* Hydrocotyle pusilla Hydrocotyle pygmaea* Hydrocotyle ranunculoides Hydrocotyle umbellata Hydrocotyle verticillata Oreopanax capitatus
Arecaceae
Acoelorraphe wrightii Acrocomia aculeata Acrocomia crispa* Bactris cubensis* – eastern Cuba Calyptronoma occidentalis Calyptronoma plumeriana Coccothrinax acuminata* – western Cuba incl. I. de la Juventud Coccothrinax acunana* – Pico Turquino Coccothrinax alexandri* – eastern Cuba Coccothrinax × angelae* (C. crinita subsp. brevicrinis × C. miraguama subsp. roseocarpa) – south-central Cuba Coccothrinax baracoensis* – southeastern Cuba Coccothrinax bermudezii* – southeastern Cuba Coccothrinax borhidiana* – Matanzas Coccothrinax camagueyana* – east-central Cuba Coccothrinax clarensis* – eastern Cuba Coccothrinax crinita* Coccothrinax cupularis* Coccothrinax elegans* Coccothrinax fagildei* Coccothrinax fragrans – eastern Cuba and Hispaniola Coccothrinax garciana* – Holguín Coccothrinax guantanamensis* – eastern Cuba Coccothrinax gundlachii* – central and eastern Cuba Coccothrinax hioramii* – eastern Cuba Coccothrinax leonis* – Cuba Coccothrinax litoralis* – Cuba Coccothrinax macroglossa* – eastern Cuba Coccothrinax microphylla* – eastern Cuba Coccothrinax miraguama* Coccothrinax moaensis* – eastern Cuba Coccothrinax munizii* – eastern Cuba Coccothrinax muricata* – east-central Cuba Coccothrinax nipensis* – eastern Cuba Coccothrinax orientalis* – eastern Cuba Coccothrinax pauciramosa* – eastern Cuba Coccothrinax pseudorigida* – east-central Cuba Coccothrinax pumila* Coccothrinax rigida* – eastern Cuba Coccothrinax salvatoris* – east-central and eastern Cuba Coccothrinax saxicola* – eastern Cuba Coccothrinax spirituana* Coccothrinax torrida* Coccothrinax trinitensis* – east-central Cuba Coccothrinax victorinii* – eastern Cuba Coccothrinax yunquensis* – southern Cuba Coccothrinax yuraguana* – western Cuba Colpothrinax wrightii* – southwestern Cuba incl. I. de la Juventud Copernicia baileyana* – central and eastern Cuba Copernicia brittonorum* – western and west-central Cuba Copernicia × burretiana* (C. hospita × C. macroglossa) Copernicia cowellii* – Camagüey Copernicia curbeloi* Copernicia curtissii* Copernicia × dahlgreniana* (C. cowellii × C. macroglossa) Copernicia fallaensis*