This list shows the IUCN Red List status of the 77 mammal species occurring in the Netherlands. Two are endangered, two are vulnerable, and seven are near threatened.
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to . Suborder: Sciurognathi Family: Castoridae (beavers) Genus: Castor Eurasian beaver, C. fiber Family: Sciuridae (squirrels) Subfamily: Sciurinae Genus: Sciurus Red squirrel, S. vulgaris Family: Gliridae (dormice) Subfamily: Leithiinae Genus: Eliomys Garden dormouse, E. quercinus Genus: Muscardinus Hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius Family: Cricetidae Subfamily: Cricetinae Genus: Cricetus European hamster, C. cricetus Subfamily: Arvicolinae Genus: Arvicola European water vole, A. amphibius Montane water vole, A. scherman LC Genus: Clethrionomys Bank vole, Myodes glareolus LC Genus: Microtus Field vole, Microtus agrestis LC Common vole, Microtus arvalis LC Tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus arenicola LC European pine vole, Microtus subterraneus LC Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters) Subfamily: Murinae Genus: Apodemus Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis LC Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus LC Genus: Micromys Eurasian harvest mouse, Micromys minutus LC Genus: Mus House mouse, M. musculus Genus: Rattus Brown rat, R. norvegicus LC Black rat, R. rattus
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early twentieth century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
Genus: Lepus European hare, L. europaeus Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares) Genus: Oryctolagus European rabbit, O. cuniculus introduced
Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs and moles)
Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, gymnures look more like large rats, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers. Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs) Subfamily: Erinaceinae Genus: Erinaceus West European hedgehog, E. europaeus Family: Soricidae (shrews) Subfamily: Crocidurinae Genus: Crocidura Bicolored shrew, C. leucodon LC Greater white-toothed shrew, C. russula LC Subfamily: Soricinae Tribe: Nectogalini Genus: Neomys Eurasian water shrew, Neomys fodiens LC Tribe: Soricini Genus: Sorex Common shrew, Sorex araneus LC Crowned shrew, Sorex coronatus LC Eurasian pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus LC Family: Talpidae (moles) Subfamily: Talpinae Tribe: Talpini Genus: Talpa European mole, Talpa europaea LC
Order: Chiroptera (bats)
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals. Family: Vespertilionidae Subfamily: Myotinae Genus: Myotis Bechstein's bat, M. bechsteini Brandt's bat, M. brandti Pond bat, M. dasycneme Daubenton's bat, M. daubentonii Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus Greater mouse-eared bat, M. myotis Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus Natterer's bat, M. nattereri Subfamily: Vespertilioninae Genus: Barbastella Western barbastelle, B. barbastellus Genus: Eptesicus Northern bat, E. nilssonii LC Serotine bat, E. serotinus LC Genus: Nyctalus Common noctule, N. noctula Lesser noctule, N. leisleri Genus: Pipistrellus Nathusius' pipistrelle, P. nathusii Common pipistrelle, P. pipistrellus LC Soprano pipistrelle, P. pygmaeus LC Genus: Plecotus Brown long-eared bat, P. auritus Grey long-eared bat, P. austriacus LC Genus: Vespertilio Parti-coloured bat, V. murinus LC
Order: Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater. Suborder: Mysticeti Family: Balaenidae Genus: Balaena Bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus LC (vagrant) Genus: Eubalaena North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis EN (functionally extinct in north eastern Atlantic, a possible right whale was sighted off Texel and Schouwen-Duiveland in 2005.) Family: Balaenopteridae Subfamily: Balaenopterinae Genus: Balaenoptera Minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LC Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis EN Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN Genus: Megaptera Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae LC Suborder: Odontoceti Superfamily: Platanistoidea Family: Monodontidae Genus: Monodon Narwhal, Monodon monoceros NT Genus: Delphinapterus Beluga, Delphinapterus leucas LC vagrant Family: Phocoenidae Genus: Phocoena Harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena LC Family: Physeteridae Genus: Physeter Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU Family: Kogiidae Genus: Kogia Pygmy sperm whale, K. breviceps Family: Ziphidae Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae Genus: Hyperoodon Northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus DD Genus: Mesoplodon Sowerby's beaked whale, Mesoplodon bidens DD Blainville's beaked whale, Mesoplodon densirostris DD Gray's beaked whale, Mesoplodon grayi DD Subfamily: Ziphiinae Genus: Ziphius Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris LC Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins) Genus: Lagenorhynchus White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris LC Genus: Leucopleurus Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Leucopleurus acutus LC Genus: Tursiops Bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus LC Genus: Stenella Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba LC Genus: Delphinus Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis LC Genus: Grampus Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus LC Genus: Globicephala Long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas DD Genus: Orcinus Orca, O. orca
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. Suborder: Feliformia Family: Felidae (cats) Subfamily: Felinae Genus: Felis European wildcat, F. silvestris Family: Viverridae Subfamily: Viverrinae Genus: Genetta Common genet, G. genetta introduced, presence uncertain Suborder: Caniformia Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes) Genus: Canis Gray wolf, C. lupus Genus: Vulpes Red fox, V. vulpes Family: Mustelidae (mustelids) Genus: Lutra European otter, L. lutra Genus: Martes Beech marten, M. foina European pine marten, M. martes Genus: Meles European badger, M. meles Genus: Mustela Stoat, M. erminea European mink, M. lutreola Least weasel, M. nivalis European polecat, M. putorius Genus: Neogale American mink, N. vison presence uncertain, introduced Family: Phocidae (earless seals) Genus: Cystophora Hooded seal, Cystophora cristata VU Genus: Halichoerus Grey seal, Halichoerus grypus LC Genus: Pagophilus Harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus LC Genus: Phoca Common seal, Phoca vitulina LC Genus: Pusa Ringed seal, Pusa hispida LC
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans. Family: Cervidae (deer) Subfamily: Cervinae Genus: Cervus Red deer, C. elaphus Genus: Dama European fallow deer, D. dama introduced Subfamily: Capreolinae Genus: Capreolus Roe deer, C. capreolus Family: Suidae (pigs) Subfamily: Suinae Genus: Sus Wild boar, S. scrofa
Locally extinct The following species are locally extinct in the country: European bison, Bison bonasus European wildcat, Felis silvestris Greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros Brown bear, Ursus arctos Moose, Alces alces
See also List of chordate orders Lists of mammals by region List of prehistoric mammals Mammal classification List of mammals described in the 2000s
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