This list of mammals of Nepal presents mammal species recorded in Nepal, of which one is critically endangered, eleven are endangered, twenty are vulnerable, and four are near threatened. The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed on the IUCN Red List: EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species. DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans. Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats) Genus: Antilope Blackbuck, A. cervicapra Genus: Bos Gaur, B. gaurus Wild yak, B. mutus Genus Boselaphus Nilgai, B. tragocamelus Genus: Bubalus Wild water buffalo, B. arnee Genus: Capricornis Mainland serow, C. sumatraensis Himalayan serow, C. s. thar Genus: Hemitragus Himalayan tahr, H. jemlahicus Genus: Naemorhedus Himalayan goral N. goral Genus: Ovis Argali, O. ammon Genus: Pseudois Bharal, P. nayaur Genus: Tetracerus Four-horned antelope, T. quadricornis Family: Cervidae (deer) Genus: Axis Chital, A. axis Indian hog deer, A. porcinus Genus: Muntiacus Indian muntjac, M. muntjak Genus: Rucervus Barasingha, R. duvaucelii Genus: Rusa Sambar deer, R. unicolor Family: Moschidae Genus: Moschus Alpine musk deer, M. chrysogaster Black musk deer, M. fuscus White-bellied musk deer, M. leucogaster Family: Suidae (pigs) Genus: Sus Wild boar, S. scrofa Family: Tragulidae Genus: Moschiola Indian spotted chevrotain, M. indica
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans; the majority primarily eat meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. Suborder: Feliformia Family: Felidae (cats) Subfamily: Felinae Genus: Catopuma Asian golden cat, C. temminckii Genus: Felis Jungle cat, F. chaus Genus: Lynx Eurasian lynx, L. lynx Genus: Otocolobus Pallas's cat, O. manul Genus: Prionailurus Leopard cat, P. bengalensis Rusty-spotted cat, P. rubiginosus Fishing cat, P. viverrinus Subfamily: Pantherinae Genus: Neofelis Clouded leopard, N. nebulosa Genus: Panthera Leopard, P. pardus Indian leopard, P. p. fusca Tiger, P. tigris Bengal tiger, P. t. tigris Snow leopard, P. uncia Family: Viverridae Subfamily: Paradoxurinae Genus: Arctictis Binturong, A. binturong Genus: Paradoxurus Asian palm civet, P. hermaphroditus Genus: Paguma Masked palm civet, P. larvata Subfamily: Viverrinae Genus: Viverra Large Indian civet, V. zibetha Genus: Viverricula Small Indian civet, V. indica Subfamily: Prionodontinae Genus: Prionodon Spotted linsang, P. pardicolor Family: Herpestidae (mongooses) Genus: Urva Small Indian mongoose, U. auropunctatus Indian grey mongoose, U. edwardsii Ruddy mongoose, U. smithii Crab-eating mongoose, U. urva Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas) Genus: Hyaena Striped hyena, H. hyaena Suborder: Caniformia Family: Ailuridae (lesser panda) Genus: Ailurus Red panda, A. fulgens Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes) Genus: Canis Golden jackal, C. aureus Gray wolf, C. lupus Himalayan wolf, C. l. chanco Genus: Cuon Dhole, C. alpinus Genus: Vulpes Bengal fox, V. bengalensis Tibetan fox, V. ferrilata Red fox, V. vulpes Family: Ursidae (bears) Genus: Melursus Sloth bear, M. ursinus Genus: Ursus Brown bear, U. arctos Himalayan brown bear, U. a. isabellinus Asiatic black bear, U. thibetanus Himalayan black bear, U. t. laniger Family: Mustelidae (mustelids) Genus: Aonyx Asian small-clawed otter, A. cinereus Genus: Lutrogale Smooth-coated otter, L. perspicillata Genus: Martes Yellow-throated marten, M. flavigula Genus: Mellivora Honey badger, M. capensis Genus: Mustela Mountain weasel, M. altaica Yellow-bellied weasel, M. kathiah Siberian weasel, M. sibirica
Order: Cetacea (whales) The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater. Suborder: Odontoceti Superfamily: Platanistoidea Family: Platanistidae Genus: Platanista Ganges river dolphin, P. gangetica
Order: Chiroptera (bats) The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals. Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats) Subfamily: Pteropodinae Genus: Cynopterus Lesser short-nosed fruit bat, C. brachyotis Greater short-nosed fruit bat, C. sphinx Genus: Macroglossus Long-tongued fruit bat, M. sobrinus Genus: Pteropus Indian flying fox, P. giganteus Genus: Rousettus Leschenault's rousette, R. leschenaulti Genus: Sphaerias Blanford's fruit bat, S. blanfordi Family: Hipposideridae (leaf nosed bats) Genus: Coelops East Asian tailless leaf-nosed bat, Coelops frithii Genus: Hipposideros Ashy roundleaf bat, H. cineraceus Fulvus roundleaf bat, Hipposideros fulvus Indian roundleaf bat, Hipposideros lankadiva Intermediate roundleaf bat, Hipposideros larvatus Pomona roundleaf bat, Hipposideros pomona Family: Megadermatidae Genus: Megaderma (false vampire bats) Greater false vampire bat, Megaderma lyra Family: Vespertilionidae Subfamily: Kerivoulinae Genus: Kerivoula Painted bat, Kerivoula picta Subfamily: Myotinae Genus: Myotis Csorba's mouse-eared bat, Myotis csorbai Daubenton's bat, M. daubentonii Hodgson's bat, M. formosus Kashmir cave bat, Myotis longipes Whiskered myotis, Myotis muricola Mandelli's mouse-eared bat, Myotis sicarius Himalayan whiskered bat, Myotis siligorensis Subfamily: Vespertilioninae Genus: Arielulus Black-gilded pipistrelle, A- circumdatus Genus: Barbastella Eastern barbastelle, Barbastella leucomelas Genus: Eptesicus Sombre bat, Eptesicus tatei Genus: Falsistrellus Chocolate pipistrelle, Falsistrellus affinis Genus: Hesperoptenus Tickell's bat, Hesperoptenus tickelli Genus: Ia Great evening bat, I. io Genus: Nyctalus Mountain noctule, Nyctalus montanus Genus: Philetor Rohu's bat, Philetor brachypterus Genus: Pipistrellus Indian pipistrelle, Pipistrellus coromandra Java pipistrelle, Pipistrellus javanicus Chocolate pipistrelle, Falsistrellus affinis Genus: Scotomanes Harlequin bat, Scotomanes ornatus Lesser Asiatic yellow bat, Scotophilus kuhlii Greater Asiatic yellow bat, Scotophilus heathii Subfamily: Murininae Genus: Murina Hutton's tube-nosed bat, Murina huttoni Greater tube-nosed bat, Murina leucogaster Subfamily: Miniopterinae Genus: Miniopterus Small bent-winged bat, Miniopterus pusillus Common bent-wing bat, M. schreibersii Family: Molossidae Genus: Chaerephon Wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat, Chaerephon plicata Family: Rhinolophidae Subfamily: Rhinolophinae Genus: Rhinolophus Intermediate horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus affinis Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum Blyth's horseshoe bat, R. lepidus " Woolly horseshoe bat, R. luctus Big-eared horseshoe bat, R. macrotis Pearson's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus pearsoni Least horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus pusillus Rufous horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus rouxi Chinese rufous horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus sinicus Little Nepalese horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus subbadius Trefoil horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus trifoliatus Subfamily: Hipposiderinae Genus: Hipposideros Great roundleaf bat, Hipposideros armiger Pomona roundleaf bat, Hipposideros pomona
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs) The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two. Family: Ochotonidae (pikas) Genus: Ochotona Black-lipped pika, O. curzoniae Himalayan pika, O. himalayana Large-eared pika, O. macrotis Nubra pika, O. nubrica Royle's pika, O. roylei Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares) Genus: Caprolagus Hispid hare, C. hispidus Genus: Lepus Indian hare, L. nigricollis Woolly hare, L. oiostolus
Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)
The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe. Family: Equidae Genus: Equus Kiang, E. kiang Family: Rhinocerotidae Genus: Rhinoceros Indian rhinoceros, R. unicornis
Order: Primates The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes. Suborder: Haplorhini Infraorder: Simiiformes Parvorder: Catarrhini Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys) Genus: Macaca Assam macaque, M. assamensis Rhesus macaque, M. mulatta Subfamily: Colobinae Genus: Semnopithecus Tarai gray langur, S. hector Nepal gray langur, S. schistaceus
Order: Proboscidea (elephants)
The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.
Family: Elephantidae (elephants) Genus: Elephas Asian elephant, E. maximus
Order: Rodentia (rodents) Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to . Suborder: Hystricognathi Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines) Genus: Hystrix Malayan porcupine, H. brachyura Indian crested porcupine, H. indica Suborder: Sciurognathi Family: Sciuridae (squirrels) Subfamily: Ratufinae Genus: Ratufa Black giant squirrel, Ratufa bicolor NT Subfamily: Sciurinae Tribe: Pteromyini Genus: Belomys Hairy-footed flying squirrel, Belomys pearsonii DD Genus: Hylopetes Particolored flying squirrel, Hylopetes alboniger EN Genus: Petaurista Spotted giant flying squirrel, Petaurista elegans LC Hodgson's giant flying squirrel, Petaurista magnificus LC Bhutan giant flying squirrel, Petaurista nobilis NT Red giant flying squirrel, Petaurista petaurista LC Subfamily: Callosciurinae Genus: Callosciurus Irrawaddy squirrel, C. pygerythrus Genus: Dremomys Orange-bellied Himalayan squirrel, Dremomys lokriah LC Genus: Funambulus Northern palm squirrel, Funambulus pennantii LC Genus: Tamiops Himalayan striped squirrel, Tamiops macclellandi LC Subfamily: Xerinae Genus: Marmota Himalayan marmot, M. himalayana Family: Spalacidae Subfamily: Rhizomyinae Genus: Cannomys Lesser bamboo rat, Cannomys badius LC Family: Cricetidae Subfamily: Cricetinae Genus: Urocricetus Tibetan dwarf hamster, Urocricetus alticola LC Subfamily: Arvicolinae Genus: Alticola Stoliczka's mountain vole, Alticola stoliczkanus LC Strachey's mountain vole, Alticola stracheyi LC Genus: Microtus Sikkim vole, Microtus sikimensis LC Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.) Subfamily: Gerbillinae Genus: Tatera Indian gerbil, Tatera indica LC Subfamily: Murinae Genus: Apodemus Himalayan field mouse, Apodemus gurkha LC Kashmir field mouse, Apodemus rusiges LC