Newfoundland and Labrador is a province of Canada on the country's Atlantic coast in northeastern North America. The province has an area of and a population in 2024 of 545,880, with approximately 95% of the provincial population residing on the Island of Newfoundland (including its associated smaller islands), with more than half of the population residing on the Avalon Peninsula. People from Newfoundland and Labrador are called "Newfoundlanders," "Labradorians" (as appropriate), or "Newfoundlanders and Labradorians".

Population history Since entering confederation, Newfoundland and Labrador has always been ranked 9th among provinces in population.

Source: Statistics CanadaStatCan 2001 Census - population

Population geography Cities and towns

Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations in the province by population

+Urban Area2016St. John's (CMA)205,955Corner Brook (CA)31,917Grand Falls-Windsor (CA)14,171Gander (CA)13,234Bay Roberts (CA)11,083

Municipalities by population + Municipalities in the province by population areRankMunicipality20161St. John's110,5252Conception Bay South27,1683Paradise22,9574Mount Pearl22,4775Corner Brook19,3336Grand Falls-Windsor13,8537Gander11,8808Portugal Cove-St. Philip's8,4159Happy Valley-Goose Bay8,04010Torbay7,85211Labrador City7,22012Stephenville6,54013Clarenville6,70414Bay Roberts5,97415Marystown5,97416Deer Lake4,86417Carbonear4,69618Channel-Port aux Basques3,54719Pasadena3,52420Placentia3,28921Bonavista3,19022Lewisporte3,28823Bishop's Falls3,15624Harbour Grace2,99525Springdale2,97126Botwood2,87527Spaniard's Bay2,65328Holyrood2,46329Burin2,31530Grand Bank2,31031St. Anthony2,25832Fogo Island2,24433Logy Bay-Middle Cove-Outer Cove2,22134Twillingate2,19635New-Wes-Valley2,17236Wabana2,14637Glovertown2,08338Pouch Cove2,06939Kippens2,00840Gambo1,97841Wabush1,90642Trinity Bay North1,81943Victoria1,80044Stephenville Crossing1,71945Flatrock1,68346Harbour Breton1,63447Massey Drive1,63248Witless Bay1,61949Humber Arm South1,59950Upper Island Cove1,56151Clarke's Beach1,55852Bay Bulls1,50053Irishtown-Summerside1,41854Fortune1,40155Baie Verte1,31356Burgeo1,30757St. George's1,20358St. Lawrence1,19259St. Alban's1,18660Centreville-Wareham-Trinity1,14761Nain1,12562Harbour Main-Chapel's Cove-Lakeview1,06763Sheshatshiu1,02364Roddickton-Bide Arm99965Musgrave Harbour99066Triton98367Hare Bay96968Petty Harbour-Maddox Cove96069Samiajij Miawpukek95670Arnold's Cove94971Rocky Harbour94772Natuashish93673Summerford90674Whitbourne89075LaScie87276Cape St. George85377Peterview82878Robert's Arm80579Port aux Choix78980Glenwood77881Milltown-Head of Bay D'Espoir74982Mount Moriah74683Cupids74384Carmanville74085Norris Arm73786Brigus72387Badger70488Embree70189Cox's Cove68890Conception Harbour68591Salmon Cove68092Heart's Delight-Islington67493Port Saunders67494Norris Point67095Norman's Cove-Long Cove66696Isle aux Morts66497Dover66298King's Point65999Colliers654100South River647101Buchans642102Avondale641103Old Perlican633104Meadows626105Lawn624106Burnt Islands622107St. Lunaire-Griquet604108Port Blandford601109Cormack597110Point Leamington591111St. Jacques-Coomb's Cove588112Port au Port East579113Appleton574114Hopedale574115North River570116Garnish568117Musgravetown564118L'Anse au Loup558119Trout River552120Birchy Bay550121North West River547122Lewin's Cove544123McIvers538124Englee527125Lark Harbour522126Reidville509127Eastport501128Lumsden501129Cape Broyle489130South Brook482131Terrenceville482132Trepassey481133Middle Arm474134Lourdes465135Chapel Arm457136Bauline452137Campbellton452138Winterton450139Port au Port West-Aguathuna-Felix Cove449140Ramea447141Steady Brook444142St. Bernard's-Jacques Fontaine433143Hampden429144Cow Head428145Cartwright427146Northern Arm426147Hermitage-Sandyville422148Ferryland414149Port Hope Simpson412150Gillams410151Forteau409152Comfort Cove-Newstead407153Sunnyside396154Bryant's Cove395155Rose Blanche-Harbour le Cou394156Bay de Verde392157Winterland390158Small Point-Adam's Cove-Blackhead-Broad Cove387159Makkovik377160Belleoram374161Whiteway373162Southern Harbour369163Mount Carmel-Mitchells Brook-St. Catharine's349164St. Mary's347165Parson's Pond345166York Harbour344167Mary's Harbour341168Heart's Content340169Port Rexton340170Hant's Harbour329171Fermeuse325172Ming's Bight319173Hawke's Bay315174Anchor Point314175Burlington314176St. Vincent's-St. Stephen's-Peter's River313177Elliston308178Rigolet305179Seal Cove (White Bay)303180Renews-Cappahayden301181Fox Cove-Mortier295182Pilley's Cove294183Leading Tickles292184Charlottetown290185Bishop's Cove287186Jackson's Arm284187Woody Point282188Little Burnt Bay281189Cottlesville271190Flower's Cove270191Lamaline267192Traytown267193Greenspond266194Baytona262195Chance Cove256196Hughes Brook255197Daniel's Harbour253198Fox Harbour252199St. Bride's252200Parkers Cove248201Rushoon245202Fleur de Lys244203Main Brook243204Seal Cove (Fortune Bay)242205Bay L'Argent241206St. Pauls238207Grand le Pierre235208Gaskiers-Point La Haye232209Point May231210Sandringham229211Branch228212Come By Chance228213Glenburnie-Birchy Head-Shoal Brook224214L'Anse-au-Clair216215River of Ponds215216Heart's Desire213217Change Islands208218Howley205219Happy Adventure200220Westport195221St. Lewis194222Pool's Cove193223Woodstock190224Red Harbour189225Brighton188226New Perlican186227Long Harbour-Mount Arlington Heights185228Riverhead185229Bird Cove179230Crow Head177231Postville177232Raleigh177233Indian Bay175234Goose Cove East174235Conche170236Frenchman's Cove169237Red Bay169238Trinity169239Lushes Bight-Beaumount-Beaumont North168240Pacquet164241Lord's Cove162242Brent's Cove157243Point of Bay154244Portugal Cove South150245St. Brendan's145246English Harbour East139247Recontre East139248Gaultois136249Admirals Beach135250Beachside132251Point Anson130252Little Bay East127253Baine Harbour124254Salvage124255Cook's Harbour123256Sandy Cove122257St. Joseph's115258West St. Modeste111259Coachman's Cove105260Little Bay105261Miles Cove104262Point Lance102263Morrisville101264King's Cove90265Pinware88266Point au Gaul88267Nippers Harbour85268Millertown81269Aquaforte80270Colinet80271Terra Nova73272Little Bay Islands71273St. Shott's66274Bellburns53275Port Kirwan52276Keels51278Gallants50279Duntara30280Sally's Cove20281Tilt Cove5

Ethnicity More than half the population identified their ethnocultural ancestry as Canadian, while two-fifths identified English ancestry, and one-fifth identified Irish ancestry. However, Canadian is written on the census first, and many people write in other ethnic groups after it, which are listed in another section, so numbers do not necessarily represent accurate responses to ethnicity.

More than 100,000 Newfoundlanders have applied for membership in the Qalipu Mi'kmaq First Nation Band, equivalent to one-fifth of the total population.

Ethnicity2001%2021%Canadian271,34543.41% 125,120 24.9%English200,12039.39% 175,045 34.9%Irish100,26019.73% 122,115 24.3%Scottish30,2955.96% 33,270 6.6%French27,7855.47% 23,645 4.7%Indigenous16,0303.16%14,4052.9%Inuit7,4451.47% 9,365 1.9%German6,2751.24% 7,3351.5%Métis6,1201.20% 6,7151.3%Newfoundlander3,5850.71% 34,6406.9%Welsh2,7900.55% 5,7501.1%Dutch (Netherlands)1,3850.27% 1,8300.4%Italian1,1800.23% 2,2900.5%Norwegian1,1800.23% 1,8400.4%Chinese1,1100.22% 2,2650.5%American (USA)1,0650.21% 2,1800.4%East Indian9400.19% 2,7650.6%British9250.18% 18,3053.6%Spanish7650.15% 1,1600.2%Portuguese7350.14% 1,2150.2%Polish6650.13% 1,2900.3%Swedish6550.13% 1,0350.2%Ukrainian5800.11%Lebanese5150.10%Danish4550.09%Jewish3700.07% 5500.1%Filipino3400.07%Russian2850.06%Greek2450.05%Hungarian (Magyar)2450.05%Austrian2250.04%African (Black), n.i.e.1800.04%Egyptian1650.03%Finnish1450.03%Black1200.02%Jamaican1200.02%Acadian1150.02%Arab, n.i.e.1150.02%Belgian1150.02%Czech1150.02%Romanian1150.02%South African1050.02%

The same data on ethnocultural ancestry, grouped more geographically by Statistics Canada, are shown below: Origins2001%North American274,75554.08%British Isles266,01052.36%Aboriginal28,0655.52%French27,8355.48%Western European7,7051.52%Southern European3,2850.65%Northern European2,5100.49%Eastern European2,0500.40%East and Southeast Asian1,6850.33% Origins2001%South Asian1,1100.22%Arab9150.18%Other European5200.10%African4650.09%Caribbean2700.05%West Asian1300.03%Latin, Central andSouth American750.01%Oceania450.01%

Percentages are calculated as a proportion of the total number of respondents (508,075) and may total more than 100% due to dual responses. Only groups of more than 0.02% are shownEthnic Origin (232), Sex (3) and Single and Multiple Responses (3) (2001 Census)

Visible minorities and Indigenous peoples

Visible minority and Indigenous population (Canada 2021 Census) Population group Population % European 438,700 87.4% Visible minority group South Asian 4,545 0.9% Black 3,590 0.7% Filipino 2,270 0.5% Chinese 2,005 0.4% Arab 1,740 0.3% Latin American 755 0.2% Southeast Asian 505 0.1% West Asian 550 0.1% Multiple visible minorities 395 0.1% Korean 220 0.0% Visible minority, 205 0.0% Japanese 85 0.0% Total visible minority population 16,855 3.4% Indigenous groupFirst Nations (North American Indian) 28,435 5.7%Métis 7,335 1.5%Inuk (Inuit) 7,330 1.5% Indigenous responses 2,765 0.6% Multiple Indigenous responses 685 0.1%Total Indigenous population46,5459.3%Total population502,100100.0%

Languages Knowledge of languages The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses. The following figures are from the 2021 Canadian Census, and lists languages that were selected by at least 0.2 per cent of respondents. +Knowledge of languages in Newfoundland and LabradorLanguage2021 English 501,135 French 26,130 Arabic 2,195 Spanish 2,085 Innu (Montagnais) 1,925 Tagalog 1,810 Hindi 1,565 Mandarin 1,170 German 1,075 Punjabi 1,040 Bengali 875 American Sign Language 875

Mother tongue

The 2006 Canadian census showed a population of 505,469.Of the 499,830 singular responses to the census question concerning mother tongue the most commonly reported languages were: 2006%2001%1.English488,40597.71%499,75098.49%2.French1,8850.38%2,1800.43%3.Algonquian languages1,6250.33%1,5100.30%Montagnais–Naskapi1,5850.32%1,4950.29%4.Chinese1,0800.22%5250.10%Cantonese1850.04%550.01%Mandarin1200.02%25~5.Spanish6700.13%500.01%6.German6550.13%3400.07%7.Inuktitut5950.12%5500.11%8.Urdu5500.11%900.02%9.Arabic5400.11%2100.04%10.Dutch3000.06%950.02%11.Russian2250.05%750.01%12.Scandinavian languages2200.04%1250.02%Norwegian850.02%400.01%Danish650.01%550.01%Swedish650.01%25~13.Italian1950.04%1150.02%14. Germanic languages n.i.e.1800.04%750.01%15. Tagalog (Filipino)1800.04%1300.03%16. Serbo-Croatian (all)1700.03%1300.03%Serbian1350.03%15~Croatian350.01%400.01%Serbo-Croatian0~750.01% 2006%2001%17.Bengali1650.03%550.01%18.Portuguese1500.03%1050.02%19.Hungarian1400.03%450.01%20.Panjabi (Punjabi)1200.02%950.02%21. African languages n.i.e.1000.02%10~21. Non-verbal languages1000.02%NN23. Bantu languages950.02%0~23. Bulgarian950.02%750.01%25.Niger–Congo languages n.i.e.850.13%400.1%26.Romanian750.02%15~27. Greek700.01%400.01%27. Japanese700.01%450.01%29.Telugu650.01%450.01%30. Persian600.01%700.01%30. Ukrainian600.01%20~32. Czech500.01%15~32. Gujarati500.01%500.01%32. Hindi500.01%550.01%32. Korean500.01%500.01%36.Malayalam400.01%10~37.Turkish400.01%25~38.Welsh350.01%20~39.Gaelic languages300.01%10~40.

Note: "n.i.e.": not included elsewhere

There were also about 25 single-language responses for Amharic, 25 for Bisayan languages, 20 for Sinhala and 20 for Slovak. In addition, there were also 435 responses of English and a non-official language; 30 of French and a non-official language; 295 of English and French; and 10 of English, French, and a non-official language. (Figures shown are for the number of single language responses and the percentage of total single-language responses.)

Religion