List of business and finance abbreviations

This is a list of abbreviations used in a business or financial context.

0–9 1H – First half of the year 24/7 – 24 hours a day, seven days a week 80/20 – According to the Pareto principle, for many events, roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes

A ADR – Alternative dispute resolution AI – Artificial Intelligence AM – Account manager AOP – Adjusted operating profit AOP – Annual operating plan AP – Accounts payable AR – Accounts receivable ARR – Annual recurring revenue ARPU – Average revenue per user ASP – Average selling price agcy. – Agency agt. – Agent assoc. – Associate asst. – Assistant a/c. – Account

B BAU – Business as usual BEP – Break-even point BI – Business intelligence BIC – Bank identifier code bldg. – Building BLS – Balance sheet BOM – Bill of materials BOL - Bill of lading BPO – Business process outsourcing BPR – Brief project report BPV – Bank payment voucher BRD – Business requirements document BRU – Business recovery unit BRV – Bank receipt voucher BTW – By the way B2B – Business-to-business B2C – Business-to-consumer B2G – Business-to-government BU – Business unit BUSI – Business bus. – Business

C CAGR – Compound annual growth rate CAO – Chief administrative officer or chief accounting officer CAPEX – Capital expenditure CAPM – Capital asset pricing model CBOE – Chicago Board Options Exchange CBOT – Chicago Board of Trade CDO – Collateralized debt obligation or chief data officer CDM – Change and data management CDS – Credit default swap CEO – Chief executive officer COA – Chart of accounts CFA – Chartered Financial Analyst CFD – Contract for difference CFC – Consumption of fixed capital CFCT – Cash flow cycle time CFM – Certified Financial Manager CFO – Chief Financial Officer CFS – Consolidated Financial Statement CIA – Certified Internal Auditor CIF – Cost Insurance With Freight CIMA – Chartered Institute of Management Accountants CIO – Chief Information Officer, Chief Innovation Officer or Chief Investment Officer CIP – Carriage and Insurance Paid CISA – Certified Information Systems Auditor CISO – Chief Information Security Officer CLO – Chief Legal Officer CMA – Certified Management Accountant CMFB – Committee on monetary, finance and balance of payments statistics CMO – Chief Marketing Officer COB – Close of Business COC – Cost of Credit or Cost of Capital COD – Cost of Debt or Cash on Delivery COE – Center of Excellence or Cost of Equity COGS – Cost of Goods Sold Corp. – Corporation COO – Chief Operating Officer CPA – Certified Public Accountant CPI – Consumer Price Index CPO – Chief People Officer also Chief Procurement Officer CPQ – Configure, Price, Quote CPU – Central processing unit CSI – Corporate social investment CSO – Chief security officer CSR – Corporate social responsibility CRM – Customer Relationship Management CVP – Cost volume profit CTA – Call to action CTO – Chief technology officer CX – Customer experience CXO – Any chief officer(s), x being a placeholder. C2B – Consumer-to-business C2C – Consumer-to-consumer C&F – Cost With Freight CKM – Customer Knowledge Management CTC – Cost to company CUSIP number – Committee on Uniform Security Identification Procedures number Cr – Credit CA – Current Account

D DDA – Depletion depreciation amortization Dept. – Department DI – Dispatch information DIFOT – Delivery in full on time, a variant of on time in full Dir – Director disc. – Discount DMA – Direct market access DOE – Depending on experience DPO – Days payable outstanding DR – Depositary receipt DSO – Days sales outstanding DSP – Delivery service provider DTP– Desktop publishing DVP – Delivery versus payment

E EAR – Effective annual rate EAY – Effective annual yield EBITA – Earnings before interest and taxes and amortization EBITDA – Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization ECB – European Central Bank ECGC – Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India ECS – Electronic clearing service or electronic clearing system EDI – Electronic data interchange EFSM – European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism EFT – Exchange-traded fund EFTPOS – Electronic funds transfer at point of sale EIDL – Economic injury disaster loan EMI – Equated monthly installment EOB – End of business EOD – End of day EOM – End of message EPC – Export Promotion Council EPS – Earnings per share ERP – Enterprise resource planning ESG – Environmental, social, and governance ETA – Estimated time of arrival ETD – Estimated time of departure or estimated time of delivery EXP – Export EXW – Ex Works

F FAB – Feature advantage benefits FDP – Finance department FIFO – First in, first out FinMin – Finance minister Fin Min – Finance minister FIX – Financial information exchange FL – Financial leverage FNF – Full and final FOB – Freight on board FOMC – Federal Open Market Committee FOC – Free of cost FP&A – Financial planning & analysis FPO – Follow-on public offer FSA – Financial services authority FTE – Full-time equivalent FV – Future value FX – Foreign exchange market FY – Fiscal year or financial year FYA – For your action FYI – For your information F/U – Follow-up FYF Full-year forecast

G GAAP – Generally accepted accounting principles GAAS – Generally accepted audit standards GDP – Gross domestic product GDPR – General data protection regulation GDR – Global depository receipt GFCF – Gross fixed capital formation GL – General ledger GMV – Gross merchandise volume GP – Gross profit GPO – Group purchasing organization GRN – Goods receipt note GRNI – Goods receipt not invoiced GSV – Gross sales value GVC – Global value chain GMROII – Gross margin return on inventory investment G&A – General and administration expense

H HF – Hedge fund HMRC – Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs HP – Hire purchase HQ – Headquarters HR – Human resources HRD – Human resource development HS Code – Harmonized System commodity code

I IAS – International accounting standards IB – Investment banking IBAN – International Bank Account Number ICB – Industry Classification Benchmark ICRM – Innovative Customer Relationship Management IE – Interest expense IFRS – International Financial Reporting Standards ILCLP – IdentLogic Systems customer loyalty program IMF – International Monetary Fund IMP – Import Inc. – Incorporated IoT – Internet of things IPO – Initial public offering IPT – Item per transaction IR – Interest rate – typically referring to an IR derivative product IRS – Internal Revenue Service IRR – Internal rate of return ISIN – International Securities Identification Number ISM – Institute for Supply Management ITT – Invitation to tender IYR – In year revenue

J J – Journal JIT – Just in time JIS – Just in sequence JST – Joint supervisory team JV – Joint venture

K K – Is used as an abbreviation for 1,000. For example, $225K would be understood to mean $225,000, and $3.6K would be understood to mean $3,600. Multiple K's are not commonly used to represent larger numbers. In other words, it would look odd to use $1.2KK to represent $1,200,000. Ke – Is used as an abbreviation for cost of equity (COE). Ke is the risk-adjusted, theoretical rate of return on a company's invested excess capital obtained through external investments. Among other things, the value of Ke and the cost of debt (COD) enables management to arbitrate different forms of short and long term financing for various types of expenditures. Ke applies most prominently to companies that regularly generate excess capital (free cash flow, cash on hand) from ongoing operations. Critically, in assessing a company's financial position (and reading its balance sheet), COE is distinguished from CAPEX, or costs associated with Capital Expenditures. Ke is most often used in the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), in which Ke = Rf + ß(Rm-Rf). In this equation, Ke (COE) equals the anticipated return from the difference (Beta) of investment yields from a return based on market expectations (Rm) and a Risk Free Rate (Rf), such as Treasury Bills or Bonds. KIBOR – Karachi Interbank Offered Rate KPI – Key performance indicator, a type of performance measurement. An organization may use KPIs to evaluate its success, or to evaluate the success of a particular activity in which it is engaged. KYC – "Know your customer" refers to due diligence activities that financial institutions and other regulated companies must perform to ascertain relevant information.

L LBO – Leveraged buyout LC – Letter of credit LIBOR – London Interbank Offered Rate LE – Latest estimate LIFFE – London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange LIFO – Last in, first out LLC – Limited liability company LME – London Metal Exchange LMS – Learning management system Ltd. – Limited company LTV – Loan to value LOC – Lines of credit LOI – Letter of intent LoU – Letters of undertaking LY – Last year

M MBS – Mortgage-backed security mfg. – Manufacturing MGMT – Management MIC – Market Identifier Code MiFID – Markets in Financial Instruments Directive MILE – Maximum impact, little effort Wolfson, A., 18 obnoxious things that everyone in the office should stop saying, Moneyish.com / Dow Jones & Company, 23 June 2017 MoM – Month-on-month / month-over-month MOQ – Minimum order quantity MOU – Memorandum of understanding MPC – Marginal propensity to consume MRO – Maintenance, repair, and operations MRP – Maximum retail price MSOD – Monthly statement of select operational data MSRP – Manufacturer's suggested retail price MTD – Month-to-date MWC – Managerial working capital MPR – Monthly progress report MTM – Mark to market

N NAV – Net asset value NCBO – No change of beneficial ownership NCND – Non-circumvent and non-disclosure NDA – Non-disclosure agreement NIAS – Net income attributable to shareholders NII – Net interest income NIM – Net interest margin NNTO – No need to open NOA – Net operating assets NOI – Net operating income NOPAT – Net operating profit after tax NPA – Non-performing asset NPL – Non-performing loan NPV – Net present value NTE – Not to exceed NYMEX – New York Mercantile Exchange NYSE – New York Stock Exchange NFO − New fund offer

O OC – Opportunity cost OCF – Operating cash flow OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OEM – Original equipment manufacturer OIBDA – Operating income before depreciation and amortization OKR – Objectives and key results OOF – Out of facility, used interchangeably with out of office and originating from the Microsoft Xenix mail system OOO – Out of office OPEX – Operating expenditure or operational expenditure OTIF – On time in full OTC – Over-the-counter (finance)

P P&L – Profit and loss P2B – Platform to businessEuropean Commission, Online platforms: new rules to increase transparency and fairness, published 14 February 2019, accessed 29 April 2019 PA – Personal assistant PA – Promotional Activity PA – Purchasing agent PAT – Profit after tax PBT – Profit before tax P/E – Price-to-earnings ratio PE – Private equity PEG – Price-to-earnings growth ratio PHEK – Planherstellungskosten (product planning cost) PFI – Private finance initiative PI or PII – Professional indemnity (insurance coverage) PII – Personally identifiable information pip – Percentage in point pip – Periodic investment plan PM – Portfolio manager PMAC – Period moving average cost PO – Profit objective PO – Purchase order POA – Plan of action POS – Point of sale PP&E – Property, plant, and equipment PPI - Producer price index PPP – Public-private partnership PPP – Purchasing power parity PR – Purchase requisition PSP – Profit sharing plan PTC – Private trust company PTD – Project to date PLR – Prime lending rate POC – Point of contact PIC – Person in charge