The names used for some major European cities differ in different European and sometimes non-European languages. In some countries where there are two or more languages spoken, such as Belgium or Switzerland, dual forms may be used within the city itself, for example on signage. This is also the case in Ireland, despite a low level of actual usage of the Irish language. In other cases where a regional language is officially recognised, that form of the name may be used in the region, but not nationally. Examples include the Welsh language in Wales in the United Kingdom, and parts of Italy and Spain.

There is a slow trend to return to the local name, which has been going on for a long time. In English Livorno is now used, the old English form of Leghorn having become antiquated at least a century ago. In some cases, such as the replacement of Danzig with Gdańsk, the official name has been changed more recently. Since 1995, the government of Ukraine has encouraged the use of Kyiv rather than Kiev.

E English name Other names or former names EchtEch (Limburgish*), Echt (Dutch*), Echtas (Lithuanian) Edinburgh Àidīngbǎo – (traditional characters) / (simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese*), Ài-teng-pó – (Hokkien/Taiwanese), Caeredin (Welsh*), Dinedin* / Din Edin (Breton), Doon Edin (Manx*), Dún Éideann (Irish*), Dùn Èideann (Scottish Gaelic*), Edeunbeoreo / Edŭnbŏrŏ – 에든버러 (Korean), Edimborg (Occitan*), Édimbourg (French*), Êdîmbourg (Jersey Norman), Edimburg (Catalan*, alternative Serbian*), Edimburgo (Italian*, Portuguese*, Spanish*, Tagalog*), Edimburgum (alternative Latin), Edimvoúrgo – (Greek*), Eḍinabrā – (Bengali*), `Ēdinbara – [] (Thai)*, Eḍinbarā - (Hindi*), Eḍin‌barā – (Telugu), Ēḍinbarā – (Punjabi*), Edinboarch (alternative West Frisian*), Edinborg (Faroese, Icelandic*), Edinbro – (Hebrew*), Edinburc (Friulian*), Edinburch (West Frisian*), Edinburg (Afrikaans*, Albanian*, German [rare])*, Slovenian*), Edinburg – Единбург (Bulgarian*, Macedonian*, Serbian*), Edinburg – (alternative Ukrainian*), Edinburg – (Yiddish*), Èdinburg – (Russian*), Edinburga (Latvian*), Edinburgas (Lithuanian*), Edinburgi – (Georgian*), Edinburgum (Latin*), Edinburk (Czech*), Edynburg (Polish*), Edynburh – Единбург (Ukrainian*), Edynburh – (Belarusian*), Ejimbara – (Japanese*), Embra, Embro* (Scots), Eṭiṉparō – (Tamil*), ʾIdinburah – (Arabic*), Karedin (Cornish*), Ngoidìngbóu – (Cantonese)*, Oi-tên-páu – (Hakka*) Edirne Aderne – (Persian*), Adirna – (Arabic*), Ädirnä – (Bashkir*, Kazan Tatar*), Adrianopel (former German*), Adrianopla (Portuguese*), Adrianople (former English*), Adrianopojë* (Albanian), Adrianopol (Polish*, Romanian*, Slovak*), Adrianopol' – (former Russian*), Adrianopole (Romanian*), Adrianopoli – (former Georgian*), Adrianopoli (former Italian*, Finnish*), Adrianopolis – (Armenian*, Czech*, Dutch*, Finnish*), Adrianópolis (Spanish*), Adríanópólis (former Icelandic), Andrinople (former French), Adrianoúpoli – (Greek*), Āidíěrnèi – (traditional characters) / (simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese*), Drinápoly (alternative/former Hungarian*), Drinopol (alternative Czech*, alternative Slovak*), Drinopolj – (former Serbian), Drinopolje (former Croatian), Edirnä (Gagauz*), Edirne (Crimean Tatar*, Kurdish*, Turkish*), Edirne – ედირნე (Georgian*), Èdirne – (Russian*), Ədirnə (Azeri*), Edrene - (alternative Macedonian*), Εdrenë* (alternative Albanian), Hādéliángbōlìsī - (former Mandarin Chinese), Hadrianople (former variant in English*), Hadrianopolis (Latin*), Jedrene – (Serbian*), Odrin – (Bulgarian*, Macedonian*), Odrina (former Romanian), Odrysa (Thracian), Orestiás – Ὀρεστιάς (Ancient Greek*), Uskudama (Thracian) Eeklo Eeklo (Dutch*), Êeklo (West Flemish*), Ėklas (Lithuanian) EemnesEemnes (Dutch*), Emnesas (Lithuanian) Eger Agria (Latin*), Eger (Hungarian*, Dutch*, Finnish*), Eger – (alternative Ukrainian*), Eğri (Turkish*), Eher – (Ukrainian*), Erlau (German*), Jager (archaic Czech*), Jager – (archaic Russian), Jáger (Slovak*), Jagier (archaic Polish), Jegar (archaic Croatian), Jegra (archaic Croatian), Jegra – (Serbian*) EindhovenAjntovën (Albanian*), Endehoftūn (Anglo-Saxon*), Endhovia (alternative Latin), Eindhoown (Low Saxon*), Eindhove (Limburgish*), Eindhoven (Dutch*), Eindhovena (Latvian*), Eindhovenas (Lithuanian*), Eindovia (Latin*), Ejndhoave (Colognian*), Eyndhoven (Azerbaijani*), Eyndxoven (Uzbek*) Eisenhüttenstadt Eisenhüttenstadt (German*), Stalinstadt (former German*) Eisenstadt Ajzenštat – (Serbian*), Castrum Ferrum (alternative Latin), Eisenstadt (German*), Eisnstod (Austro-Bavarian German*), Ferreum Castrum (Latin*), Kismarton (Hungarian*), Železno (Slovak, Slovene*), Željezno (Croatian*), Željezno – (alternative Serbian) (NB: the city's subdivisions also have different names in different languages) Elbląg Elbing (German*), El'bing – Эльбинг (former Russian), Elbiąg (local Polish dialect), Elbląg (Polish)*, El'blong – Эльблонг (Russian*), Ilfing (Old Danish*), Truso (Old Prussian) ElburgElburch (Western Frisian*), Elburg (Dutch*), Elburgas (Lithuanian) Elista Elista – Элиста (Russian), Elista – Еліста (Ukrainian), Elst – Элст (Kalmyk, Mongolian), Stepnoy (former name*) Ełk Ełk (Polish*), Lyck (German*), Éwūkè - 俄乌克/俄烏克 (Mandarin), Lukas (Lithuanian) Elsinore Elseneur (French*), Elsenor (Portuguese*), Elsinor (Spanish*, Romanian*), Elsinore (Italian*), Helsingør (Danish*, German variant*, Norwegian*), Helsingör (Finnish*, German*, Swedish*) EmmeloordCivitas Fortunae Emmeloordis (Latin), Emelordas (Lithuanian), Emmeloard (Western Frisian*), Emmeloord (Dutch*) Emmerich Emmerich (German*), Emmerik (Dutch*) EnghienAngia (Latin), Edinge (Limburgish*), Edingen (Dutch*), Enge (West Flemish), Enghien (French*), Ingî (Picard), Inguî (Walloon*) EnkhuizenEncusa (Spanish*), Enkhuizen (Dutch*), Enkheizenas (Lithuanian*) Enkhuyzn (West Flemish*), Inkhuzen (Saterland Frisian*, Western Frisian*) EnschedeEanske (Low German*, Low Saxon*), Enscheda (Latin*), Enschede (Dutch*), Enschedė (Lithuanian*), Enshede (Latvian*), Ensxede (Azerbaijani*), Ynskedee (Western Frisian*) Erfurt Erfurt (German*), Ερφούρτη (Greek*), Erfordia (Latin*), Jarobrod (Upper Sorbian*) Erlangen Erlangen (Dutch*, French*, German*), Erlanky (Czech, old, obsolete*) Espoo Aīsībō – 埃斯波 (Chinese*), Esbo (Swedish*), Espo (Latvian*, Lithuanian*), Espoo (Estonian*, Finnish*, French*, German*, Portuguese*, Spanish*), Espoo – Эспоо (Russian*), Esupō – エスポー (Japanese*) Essen Assindia (Latin), Esse (Limburgish*), Essen (English, German), Essjen - Э́ссен (Russian) Esztergom Eštergon or Ostrogon – Oстргон (Serbian*), Estergom – Эстергом (Russian*), Estergon (Turkish*), Esztergom (Hungarian*), Gran (German*), Ostřihom (Czech*), Ostrihom (Slovak*), Ostrogon or Ostrigon (Croatian*), Ostrzyhom (Polish*), Solva* or Strigonium * (Latin), Strigonio (ancient Italian*), Strigoniu (Romanian*) Eupen Eupen (Dutch*, French*, German*), Naowe* or Naouwe* (Walloon, medieval spellings), Néau (French*, archaïc), Neyow (Walloon*) Exeter Caerwysg (Welsh*), Escanceaster (Old English), Exchestre (Middle English), Exonia (Latin*), Isca (Dumnoniorum) (Imperial Latin), Karesk (Cornish*)

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