Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (1892–) by Adolf Engler (1844–1930) is a complete revision of plant families down to generic level and often even further. As such it forms part of the Engler system of plant taxonomy.
Engler's starting point was that of Eichler who had been the first to use phylogenetic principles, and reflected the new post-Darwinian perspective, although Engler himself did not think that his was. His modified Eichler schema first appeared in 1886 in his Guide to Breslau Botanic Garden (of which he was the director) and was expanded in his Syllabus in 1892. This reflected the new post-Darwinian perspective. Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien first appeared in 1892 with the title Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik. Many subsequent editions have appeared since, and it was continued after Engler's death in 1930. The most recent edition was the 13th in 2009. A number of references to the Engler system actually refer to later revisions ('modified Engler system') undertaken by Melchior and colleagues, the 12th edition of the Syllabus, also referred to as the Melchior system.
Synopses + Engler's Botanical RanksGermanLatinEnglish AbteilungdivisioDivision UnterabteilungsubdivisioSubdivision KlasseclassisClass ReiheordoOrder UnterreihesubordoSuborder Fam.familiaFamily Unterfam.subfamiliaSubfamily Gruppe (§) tribus Tribe Gattung genusGenus ArtspeciesSpecies
First edition (1892)
Review of previous systems p. xvii Schema p. xx
Myxothallophyta p. 1 Myxomycetes Euthallophyta p. 3 Schizophyta Dinoflagellata Bacillariales Gamophyceae Fungi Embryophyta Zoidiogama (Archegoniatae) Bryophyta p. 43 Pteridophyta p. 53 Embryophyta Siphonogama (Phanerogamae) Gymnospermae p. 59 Angiospermae p. 64 Class Chalazogamae p. 64 Class Acrogamae p. 65 Subclass Monocotyledoneae 10 Orders 1. Pandanales p. 65 ... 8. Liliiflorae p. 81 9. Scitamineae p. 87 10 Microspermae p. 89 Subclass Dicotyledoneae 2 groups Group Archichlamydeae 23 orders 1. Piperales p. 93 ... 19. Parietales p. 138 24 families ... Violaceae p. 142 ... 20. Opuntiales p. 144 ... 23. Polygonales p. 101 Group Sympetalae 9 Orders 1. Ericales p. 151 ... 9. Campanulatae p. 173
Third edition (1903) The main groups of plants are shown here with page numbers in (parentheses) and some corresponding volumes in Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien in [square brackets], however there are changes between editions:
Review of previous systems p. xxi
From schema and index (pp. xxiv-xxv)
I. Abteilung. Phytosarcodina, Myxothallophyta, Myxomycetes (p. 1) II. Abteilung. Schizophyta (p. 3) [vol 1 part Ia] III. Abteilung. Flagellatae (p. 6) [vol 1 part Ia] IV. Abteilung. Dinoflagellatae (p. 8) ? Abteilung. Silicoflagellatae (p. 8) V. Abteilung. Zygophyceae (p. 8) VI. Abteilung. Chlorophyceae (p. 11) [vol 1 part II] VII. Abteilung. Charales (p. 15) VIII. Abteilung. Phaeophyceae (p. 15) IX. Abteilung. Dictyotales (p. 18) X. Abteilung. Rhodophyceae (p. 18) XI. Abteilung. Eumycetes (Fungi) (p. 25) [vol 1 part I] XII. Abteilung. Embryophyta asiphonogama (Archegoniatae) (p. 50) I. Unterabteilung Bryophyta (Muscinei) (p. 51) [vol 1 part III: 1] II. Unterabteilung Pteridophyta (p. 61) [vol 1 part IV] XIII. Abteilung. Embryophyta siphonogama (Phanerogamae) (p. 70) I. Unterabteilung Gymnospermae (p. 70) [vol 2 part I] II. Unterabteilung Angiospermae (p. 75) [vol 2 part I]
XIII Embryophyta siphonogama I. Unterabteilung Gymnospermae 6 classes (p. 70) [vol 2 part I] II. Unterabteilung Angiospermae 2 classes (p. 75) [vol 2 part I] 1. Klasse Monocotyledoneae 11 orders (p. 76) 2. Klasse Dicotyledoneae 2 subclasses (p. 106)
Gymnospermae 6 classes (p. 70)
Angiospermae 2 classes (p. 75) 1. Klasse Monocotyledoneae 11 orders (p. 76) [vol 2 part I] 2. Klasse Dicotyledoneae 2 sublasses (p. 106)
Monocotyledoneae 11 orders 1. Reihe Pandanales (p. 77) 3. Reihe Triuridales (p. 80) 4. Reihe Glumiflorae (p. 80) 5. Reihe Principes (p. 84) 6. Reihe Synanthae (p. 87) 7. Reihe Spathiflorae (p. 87) 8. Reihe Farinosae (p. 91) 9. Reihe Liliiflorae (p. 93) [vol 2 part I] 10. Reihe Scitamineae (p. 101) 11. Reihe Microspermae (p. 102)
Dicotyledoneae 2 subclasses (p. 106) 1. Unterklasse Archechlamydeae 2. Unterklasse Metachlamydeae (Sympetalae) (p. 175)
Index (p. 215)
Monocotyledon family structure 11 orders (Reihe)
Pandanales Pandanaceae Sparganiaceae Typhaceae
Helobiae 4 suborders subordo Alismatineae Alismataceae Butomaceae subordo Hydrocharitineae Hydrocharitaceae subordo Scheuchzeriineae Scheuchzeriaceae subordo Potamogetonineae Aponogetonaceae Juncaginaceae Potamogetonaceae Najadaceae Zannichelliaceae
Triuridales Triuridaceae
Glumiflorae Gramineae Maydeae Andropogoneae Paniceae Oryzeae Phalarideae Agrostideae Aveneae Festuceae Chlorideae Hordeeae Bambuseae Cyperaceae
Principes Palmae or Arecaceae
Synanthae Cyclanthaceae
Spathiflorae Araceae Lemnaceae
Farinosae 6 suborders Flagellariaceae Enantioblastae Bromellinewae Commelinineae Pontederiineae Philydrineae
Liliiflorae 3 suborders (Unterreihe) 9 families p. 93 Juncineae 1 family (p. 94) Liliineae 7 families (p. 94) Iridineae 1 family (p. 100)
suborder Juncineae (p. 94) Juncaceae subordo Liliineae 7 families (p. 94) Stemonaceae (p. 94) Liliaceae (p. 94) [pages 10–91] subfamilia Melanthioideae 6 tribes (p. 94) Tofieldieae Helonieae Veratreae Uvularieae Anguillarieae Colchiceae subfamilia Herrerioideae (p. 95) subfamilia Asphodeloideae 8 tribes (p. 95) Asphodeleae Hemerocallideae Aloineae Aphyllantheae (p. 96) Johnsonieae Dasypogoneae Lomandreae Calectasieae subfamilia Allioideae 3 tribes(p. 96) Agapantheae Allieae Gilliesieae subfamilia Lilioideae 2 tribes (p. 96) Tulipeae 6 genera Scilleae 7 genera subfamilia Dracaenoideae 3 tribes (p. 97) subfamilia Asparagoideae 4 tribes (p. 97) subfamilia Ophiopogonoideae (p. 97) subfamilia Aletroideae (p. 98) subfamilia Luzuriagoideae (p. 98) subfamilia Smilacoideae (p. 98) Haemodoraceae (p. 98) Amaryllidaceae 3 subfamilies (p. 98) subfamilia Amaryllidoideae 2 tribes Amaryllideae (p. 98) Narcisseae (p. 99) subfamilia Agavoideae (p. 99) subfamilia Campynematoideae (p. 99) Velloziaceae (p. 99) Taccaceae (p. 99) Dioscoreaceae 2 tribes (p. 99) subordo Iridineae 2 families (p. 100) Iridaceae (p. 100) subfamilia Crocoideae subfamilia Iridoideae 3 tribes subfamilia Ixioideae 3 tribes
Scitamineae Musaceae p. 101 Zingiberaceae Cannaceae Marantaceae Lowiaceae p. 102
Microspermae Orchidaceae
In modern classifications, Engler's divisions I - XI are not considered plants but are classified in other groups (although some botanists do accept Engler's divisions VII and VIII, the "green algae", as plants).
Thirteenth edition (2009-)
Cyanoprokaryota [Part 1/1, 2012] Acrasia (Acrasiomycota) [Part 1/1] Eumycetozoa [Part 1/1] Protostelia Dictyostelia Myxogastria (Myxomycetes) Phytomyxea (Plasmodiophoromycota) [Part 1/1] Fungi / Mycobionta Chytridiomycota [Part 1/1] Blastocladiomycetes Chytridiomycetes Monoblepharidomycetes Neocallimastigomycetes Zygomycota [Part 1/1] Entomophthoromycotina Mortierellomycotina Mucoromycotina Kickxellomycotina Zoopagomycotina Glomeromycota [Part 1/1] Glomeromycetes Ascomycota [Part 1/2, 2016] Taphrinomycotina Saccharomycotina Pezizomycotina Basidiomycota [Part 1/3, 2018] Pucciniomycotina Ustilaginomycotina Agaricomycotina Entorrhizomycota [Part 1/3, 2018] Entorrhizomycetes Heterokontobionta Labyrinthulomycota [Part 1/1] Labyrinthulomycetes Oomycota [Part 1/1] Hyphochytridiomycetes Peronosporomycetes Cryptophyta [Part 2/1] Cryptophyceae Goniomonadea Dinophyta/Dinozoa (Dinoflagellata) [Part 2/1] Perkinsea Oxyrrhidophyceae Ellobiophyceae Syndiniophyceae Noctiluciphyceae Dinophyceae Haptophyta [Part 2/1] Pavlovophyceae Coccolithophyceae Heterokontophyta / Ochrophyta [Part 2/1] Diatomeae, Bacillariophyceae s.l. Coscinodiscophyceae Mediophyceae Fragilariophyceae Bacillariophyceae Other heterokontophytes Bolidophyceae Dictyochophyceae Pelagophyceae Pinguiophyceae Eustigmatophyceae Picophagea Synchromophyceae Chrysophyceae Raphidophyceae Chrysomerophyceae Aurearenophyceae Phaeothamniophyceae Xanthophyceae Schizocladiophyceae Phaeophyceae Glaucobionta [Part 2/1] Glaucophyta Rhodobionta [Part 2/2, 2017] Rhodophyta Cyanidiophytina Rhodophytina
Organisation type "Green Algae" Chlorarachniophyta / Cercozoa [Part 2/1, 2015] Chlorarachniophyceae Euglenophyta/Euglenozoa [Part 2/1] Euglenophyceae Chlorobionta ("Viridiplantae") Chlorophyta [Part 2/1] Nephroselmidophyceae Mamiellophyceae Prasinophyceae Pedinophyceae Chlorodendrophyceae Trebouxiophyceae Chlorophyceae Ulvophyceae Chlorophyta incertae sedis Palmophyllales Streptophyta Mesostigmatophyceae [Part 2/1] Chlorokybophyceae [Part 2/1] Klebsormidiophyceae [Part 2/1] Coleochaetophyceae [Part 2/1] Zygnematophyceae [Part 2/1] Charophyceae [Part 2/1] Embryobionta "Bryophytes" [Part 3, 2009] Marchantiophyta (Hepaticae) Bryophyta (Musci) Anthocerotophyta Polysporangiomorpha [Part 3] "Protracheophytes" (Horneophytopsida) Tracheophyta Rhyniophytina [Part 3] Lycophytina [Part 3] Euphyllophytina [Part 3] “Trimerophytina” Moniliformopses (Cladoxylopsida, Psilotopsida, Equisetopsida, Marattiopsida, Polypodiopsida) Radiatopses (Progymnospermopsida) Spermatophytina Pinopsida (gymnosperms) [Part 4, 2015] "Pteridospermatidae" Cycadidae Ginkgoidae Gnetidae Pinidae Magnoliopsida (angiosperms) Magnoliidae [Part 4, 2015] Amborellanae Nymphaeanae Austrobaileyanae Magnolianae: Chloranthales, Canellales, Piperales, Laurales, Magnoliales Lilianae (monocotyledons) Acorales, Alismatales, Petrosaviales, Dioscoreales, Pandanales, Liliales, Asparagales [Part 4, 2015] Arecales, Commelinales, Poales, Zingiberales [Part 5/1, 2022] Eudicotyledons [Part 5/1, 2022] Ceratophyllanae Rosidae (Eudicots) Ranunculanae Proteanae Trochodendranae Buxanae Myrothamnanae Rosanae Berberidopsidanae Rosidae (continued) [Part 5/2, to be published] Santalanae Caryophyllanae Asteranae
References
Bibliography
Works by Engler Syllabus editions 1892–1924
1904: Engler, A. idem, 4th ed., Borntraeger, Berlin. 1907: Engler, A. idem, 5th ed., Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlag, Berlin, 247 p. 1909: Engler, A. idem, 6th ed., Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlag, Berlin, 254 p. 1912: Engler, A. & E. Gilg, Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien: eine Übersicht über das gesamte Pflanzensystem mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Medizinal- und Nutzpflanzen, nebst einer Übersicht über die Florenreiche und Florengebiete der Erde zum Gebrauch bei Vorlesungen und Studien über spezielle und medizinisch-pharmazeutische Botanik, 7th ed., Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlag, Berlin, 387 p.
1924: Engler, A. & E. Gilg, Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien: eine Übersicht über das ganze Pflanzensystem mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Medizinal- und Naturpflanzen nebst einer Übersicht über die Florenreiche und Florengebiete der Erde zum Gebrauch bei Vorlesungen und Studien über spezielle und medizinisch-pharmazeutische Botanik , 9th ed., Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlag, Berlin, 420 p. 1924: Engler, A. & E. Gilg, idem, 10th ed., Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlag, Berlin.
Posthumous editions
1936: Diels, L. A. Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien: eine Übersicht über das ganze Pflanzensystem mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Medizinal- und Nutzpflanzen nebst einer Übersicht über die Florenreiche und Florengebiete der Erde zum Gebrauch bei Vorselungen und Studien über spezielle und medizinisch-pharmazeutische Botanik, 11th ed., Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlag, Berlin, 419 p.
Vol. I 367 pp. Vol. II 666 pp.