The following lists events that happened during 1806 in Australia.
Incumbents Monarch – George III
Governors Governors of the Australian colonies: Governor of New South Wales – Captain Philip King (until 12 August), then Captain William Bligh Lieutenant-Governor of Southern Van Diemen's Land – David Collins Lieutenant-Governor of Northern Van Diemen's Land – William Paterson
Events 5 August – Captain William Bligh arrives in Sydney to take over the governorship. 12 August – Governor King boards HMS Buffalo for his return to England, and Bligh's commission is formally read.
Exploration and settlement Governor King estimates that 280 men were employed along the Australian coast in sealing and fishing. Matthew Flinders completes the first circumnavigation of the continent.
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