The Eurovision Song Contest 1993 was the 38th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, held on 15 May 1993 at the Green Glens Arena in Millstreet, Ireland, and presented by Fionnuala Sweeney. It was organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster (RTÉ), who staged the event after winning the for with the song "Why Me?" performed by Linda Martin.
Broadcasters from twenty-five countries participated in the contest, the largest yet held. Twenty-two of the twenty-three countries that had participated in the previous year's event returned, with prevented from competing following the closure of its national broadcaster and the placement of sanctions against the country in response to the Yugoslav Wars. In response to an increased interest in participation of broadcasters from the former Eastern Bloc countries following the collapse of communist regimes, three spaces in the event were allocated to first-time participants, which would be determined through a qualifying competition. Held in April 1993 in Ljubljana, Slovenia, featured entries from seven countries and resulted in the entries from the former Yugoslav republics of , , and progressing to the contest in Millstreet.
For the second year in a row, the winner was with the song "In Your Eyes", written by Jimmy Walsh and performed by Niamh Kavanagh. The , , , and completed the top five, with the United Kingdom achieving its second consecutive runner-up placing. Ireland achieved its fifth victory in the contest, matching the overall record held by and , and joined , Luxembourg and as countries with wins in successive contests.
Location
The 1993 contest took place in Millstreet, Ireland, following the country's victory at the with the song "Why Me?", performed by Linda Martin. It was the fourth time that Ireland had hosted the contest, having previously staged the event in , , and , with all previous events held in the country's capital city Dublin.
The Green Glens Arena, an indoor arena used primarily for equestrian events, was chosen as the contest venue, with its owner Noel C Duggan offering the use of the venue for free, as well as pledging a further from local businesses for the staging of the event. Individuals within (RTÉ), including the organisation's Director-General Joe Barry, were interested in staging the event outside of Dublin for the first time, and alongside Dublin RTÉ production teams scouted locations in rural Ireland in the months following Ireland's win. Although the contest had previously been held in smaller towns, such as Harrogate, an English town of 70,000 people which staged the , with a population of 1,500, Millstreet became the smallest settlement to stage the event at that time and continues to hold the record . The arena would have an audience of around 3,500 during the contest. The choice of Millstreet and the Green Glens Arena to stage the contest was met with some ridicule, with BBC journalist Nicholas Witchell referring to the venue as a "cowshed", however Millstreet had won out over more conventional locations, including Dublin and Galway, due to the facilities available in the Green Glens Arena and the town's local community which were hugely enthusiastic about the event being staged in their area.
Due to the small size of Millstreet, delegations were primarily based in surrounding settlements, including Killarney and other towns in counties Cork and Kerry. Alongside Millstreet itself, Killarney and Cork City held receptions for the competing delegates during the week of the contest, at the Great Southern Hotel in Killarney and Cork's City Hall, the latter hosted by the Minister for Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht.
Participants
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Eurovision Song Contest regularly featured over twenty participants in each edition, and by 1992 an increasing number of broadcasters had begun expressing an interest in joining the event for the first time. This came as a result of revolutions leading to the fall of communist regimes in Europe and the formation of new countries due to the collapse of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia. With the admission into the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) of the broadcasters of the countries that emerged from the breakup of Yugoslavia, and the merger of the EBU with its Eastern European counterpart, the International Radio and Television Organisation (OIRT), the number of broadcasters eligible to participate in the contest increased significantly. In an effort to incorporate these new countries into the contest, the EBU raised the maximum number of participants to twenty-fivethe highest number yet seen in the contestcreating space for three new countries to participate alongside twenty-two of the twenty-three countries that had participated in the . which had participated in the contest since was unable to participate as its EBU member broadcaster (JRT) was disbanded in 1992 and its successor organisations (RTS) and (RTCG) were barred from joining the EBU due to sanctions against the country as part of the Yugoslav Wars.
As a temporary solution for the 1993 contest, a qualifying round was organised to determine the three countries which participate in the final for the first time. Subsequently, for the , a relegation system was introduced which would bar the lowest-scoring countries from participating in the following year's event. At the running order draw, held in December 1992 at the National Concert Hall in Dublin and hosted by Pat Kenny and Linda Martin, the three new countries were represented as Countries A, B, and C, corresponding with the countries that would place first, second and third in the qualifying competition respectively. Entitled , the qualifying round took place on 3 April 1993 in Ljubljana, Slovenia. Initially broadcasters in as many as fourteen countries registered an interest in competing in the event, however only seven of them eventually submitted entries, representing , , , , , , and . Ultimately the entries from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Slovenia were chosen to progress to the contest proper in Millstreet; as constituent republics of SFR Yugoslavia, representatives from all three countries had previously competed in the contest.
A number of artists who had previously participated in the contest were featured among the performers at this event for the same country, either as the main performing artist or as backing performers: Tony Wegas had represented , and among his backing performers was Gary Lux, who had previously represented Austria in the contest on three occasions, as a member of the group Westend in and as a solo artist in and ; Katri Helena had previously competed for ; Tommy Seebach, representing Denmark as part of the Seebach Band, had represented as a solo artist and alongside Debbie Cameron; and Humphrey Campbell, who had represented the , returned as a backing singer for the Dutch entrant Ruth Jacott.
+ Eurovision Song Contest 1993 participants Country Broadcaster Artist Song Language Songwriter(s) Conductor ORF Tony Wegas "Maria Magdalena" German Christian Kolonovits BRTN Barbara "" Dutch Bert Candries RTVBiH Fazla "" Bosnian Noel Kelehan HRT Put "Don't Ever Cry" Croatian, English Andrej Baša CyBC and "" () Greek George Theofanous DR Seebach Band "" Danish George Keller YLE Katri Helena "" Finnish Olli Ahvenlahti Patrick Fiori "Mama Corsica" French, Corsican François Valéry Christian Cravero MDR Münchener Freiheit "" German Norbert Daum ERT Katerina Garbi "" () Greek Dimosthenis Stringlis Haris Andreadis RÚV "" Icelandic Jon Kjell Seljeseth RTÉ Niamh Kavanagh "In Your Eyes" English Jimmy Walsh Noel Kelehan IBA Lehakat Shiru "" () Hebrew, English Amir Frohlich RAI Enrico Ruggeri "" Italian Enrico Ruggeri Vittorio Cosma CLT Modern Times "" French, Luxembourgish Francis Goya PBS William Mangion "This Time" English William Mangion NOS Ruth Jacott "" Dutch Harry van Hoof NRK Silje Vige "" Norwegian Rolf Løvland RTP Anabela "" Portuguese Armindo Neves RTVSLO 1X Band "" Slovene Jože Privšek TVE Eva Santamaría "" Spanish Carlos Toro Eduardo Leiva SVT Arvingarna "Eloise" Swedish Curt-Eric Holmquist SRG SSR Annie Cotton "" French Marc Sorrentino TRT , Öztürk Baybora and Serter "" Turkish Burak Aydos Noel Kelehan BBC Sonia "Better the Devil You Know" English Nigel Wright
+ Entires which failed to progress from Country Broadcaster Artist Song Language Songwriter(s) ETV Janika Sillamaa "" Estonian MTV "" Hungarian TVR Dida Drăgan "" Romanian STV Elán "" Slovak
Production and format The Eurovision Song Contest 1993 was produced by the Irish public broadcaster (RTÉ). Liam Miller served as executive producer, Kevin Linehan served as producer, Anita Notaro served as director, Alan Farquharson served as designer, and Noel Kelehan served as musical director, leading the RTÉ Concert Orchestra. A separate musical director could be appointed by each participating broadcaster to lead the orchestra during the performance of its country's entry, with the host musical director also available to conduct for those which did not nominate their own conductor. On behalf of the EBU, the event was overseen by Christian Clausen as scrutineer.
Each participating broadcaster submitted one song, which was required to be no longer than three minutes in duration and performed in the language, or one of the languages, of the country which it represented. A maximum of six performers were allowed on stage during each country's performance, and all participants were required to have reached the age of 16 in the year of the contest. Each entry could utilise all or part of the live orchestra and could use instrumental-only backing tracks; however any backing tracks used could only include the sound of instruments featured on stage being mimed by the performers.
The results of the 1993 contest were determined through the same scoring system as had first been introduced in : each country awarded twelve points to its favourite entry, followed by ten points to its second favourite, and then awarded points in decreasing value from eight to one for the remaining songs which featured in the country's top ten, with countries unable to vote for their own entry. The points awarded by each country were determined by a jury assembled by each participating broadcaster of sixteen individuals, which was required to be split evenly between members of the public and music professionals, between men and women, and by age. Each jury member voted in secret and awarded between one and ten votes to each participating song, excluding that from their own country and with no abstentions permitted. The votes of each member were collected following the country's performance and then tallied by the non-voting jury chairperson to determine the points to be awarded. In any cases where two or more songs in the top ten received the same number of votes, a show of hands by all jury members was used to determine the final placing.
The 1993 contest was at the time the largest outside broadcast production ever undertaken by RTÉ, and the broadcaster was reported to have spent over on producing the event. In order to stage the event Millstreet and the Green Glens Arena underwent major infrastructure improvements, which were led by local groups and individuals. The floor area within the arena had to be dug out in order to create additional height to facilitate the stage and equipment, extra phone lines had to be installed, and the town's railway line and station required an extension at an extra cost of over .