List of amphibians

Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia. All living amphibians belong to the group Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this.

A list of amphibians organizes the class of amphibian by family and subfamilies and mentions the number of species in each of them.

The list below largely follows Darrel Frost's Amphibian Species of the World (ASW), Version 5.5 (31 January 2011). Another classification, which largely follows Frost, but deviates from it in part is the one of AmphibiaWeb, which is run by the California Academy of Sciences and several of universities. The major differences between these two classifications are:

Frost's ASW has split several families from other families (i.e. elevated to distinct families), whereas AmphibiaWeb has not (i.e., keeping them within the original families as subfamilies): From Dendrobatidae: Aromobatidae From Myobatrachidae: Limnodynastidae From Ranidae: Ceratobatrachidae, Dicroglossidae, Mantellidae, Micrixalidae, Nyctibatrachidae, Petropedetidae, Phrynobatrachidae, Ptychadenidae, Pyxicephalidae, Ranixalidae, Rhacophoridae AmphibiaWeb has also split a few families off from other families (i.e. elevated to distinct families), where Frost's ASW has not (i.e., keeping them within the original families): From Alytidae: Discoglossidae From Leiopelmatidae: Ascaphidae From Ambystomatidae: Dicamptodontidae From Caeciliidae: Scolecomorphidae, Typhlonectidae From Ichthyophiidae: Uraeotyphlidae

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Class Amphibia

There are a total of 8216 amphibian species in three orders.

Order Anura: frogs and toads

, 7243 species of frogs and toads are recognised by Amphibian Species of the World.

Suborder Archaeobatrachia Family Alytidae – painted frogs or disc-tongued frogs, 12 species. Includes the genus Discoglossus (5 species) which is sometimes considered a distinct family, Discoglossidae. Family Bombinatoridae – firebelly toads, 8 species Family Leiopelmatidae – New Zealand primitive frogs, 3 species in genus Leiopelma. Family Ascaphidae – tailed frogs. Two species in genus Ascaphus. Sometimes considered part of family Leiopelmatidae.

Suborder Mesobatrachia Family Megophryidae – litter frogs or short legged toads, 268 species Subfamily Megophryinae – Asian spadefoot toads, 106 species Family Pelobatidae – European spadefoot toads, 6 species Family Pelodytidae – parsley frogs, 5 species Family Pipidae – tongueless frogs, 41 species Family Rhinophrynidae – Mexican burrowing toad, 1 species Family Scaphiopodidae – American spadefoot toads, 7 species

Suborder Neobatrachia Family Allophrynidae – Tukeit Hill frogs, 3 species Family Alsodidae – 30 species Family Arthroleptidae – screeching frogs or squeakers, 149 species Subfamily Arthroleptinae – 67 species Subfamily Astylosterninae – 30 species Subfamily Leptopelinae – 52 species Family: Batrachylidae, 12 species Superfamily Brachycephaloidea – 1170 species Family Brachycephalidae – saddleback toads, 74 species Family Craugastoridae – 865 species Subfamily Ceuthomantinae – 573 species; includes species formerly in subfamily Strabomantinae Subfamily Craugastorinae – 139 species Subfamily Holoadeninae – 153 species Family Eleutherodactylidae – 201 species Subfamily Eleutherodactylinae – 217 species Subfamily Phyzelaphryninae – 12 species Family Brevicipitidae – 36 species Family Bufonidae – true toads, 627 species Family Calyptocephalellidae – 5 species Family Centrolenidae – glass frogs, 156 species Subfamily: Centroleninae – 119 species Subfamily: Hyalinobatrachiinae – 35 species Family Ceratobatrachidae – 102 species Subfamily Alcalinae – 5 species Subfamily Ceratobatrachinae – 90 species Subfamily Liuraninae – 7 species Family Ceratophryidae – 12 species, formerly contained Batrachylidae and Telmatobiidae as subfamilies Family Conrauidae – 6 species Family Cycloramphidae – 36 species, formerly contained Alsodidae as subfamily Superfamily Dendrobatoidea – 328 species Family Aromobatidae – 128 species, considered a subfamily of Dendrobatidae by AmphibiaWeb Subfamily Allobatinae – 55 species Subfamily Anomaloglossinae – 34 species Subfamily Aromobatinae – 38 species Family Dendrobatidae – poison dart frogs, 200 species Subfamily Colostethinae, 66 species Subfamily Dendrobatinae, 61 species Subfamily Hyloxalinae, 72 species Family Dicroglossidae – 212 species Subfamily Dicroglossinae – 197 species Subfamily Occidozyginae – 15 species Family Heleophrynidae – ghost frogs, 7 species Family Hemiphractidae – 118 species Subfamily Cryptobatrachinae – 8 species Subfamily Hemiphractinae – 110 species Family Hemisotidae – shovelnose frogs, 9 species Family Hylidae – tree frogs, 1036 species Subfamily Hylinae – 747 species Subfamily Pelodryadinae – 222 species Subfamily Phyllomedusinae – 67 species Family Hylodidae – 47 species Family Hyperoliidae – sedge frogs or bush frogs, 228 species Subfamily Hyperoliinae – 203 species Subfamily Kassininae – 25 species Family Leiopelmatidae – 3 species; formerly part of Ascaphidae Family Leiuperidae – 86 species Family Leptodactylidae – southern frogs or tropical frogs, 219 species Subfamily Leiuperinae – 101 species Subfamily Leptodactylinae – 103 species Subfamily Paratelmatobiinae – 14 species Family Mantellidae – 231 species, formerly considered part of the family Ranidae Subfamily: Boophinae – 79 species Subfamily: Laliostominae – 7 species Subfamily: Mantellinae – 145 species Family Micrixalidae – 24 species, considered part of the family Ranidae by AmphibiaWeb Family Microhylidae – narrow-mouthed frogs, 698 species Subfamily Adelastinae – 1 species Subfamily Asterophryinae – 349 species Subfamily Cophylinae – 113 species Subfamily Dyscophinae – 3 species Subfamily Gastrophryninae – 79 species Subfamily Hoplophryninae – 3 species Subfamily Kalophryninae – 26 species Subfamily Melanobatrachinae – 1 species Subfamily Microhylinae – 101 species Subfamily Otophryninae – 6 species Subfamily Phrynomerinae – 5 species Subfamily Scaphiophryninae – 11 species Superfamily Myobatrachoidea – 132 species Family Limnodynastidae, 43 species; considered a subfamily of Myobatrachidae by AmphibiaWeb Family Myobatrachidae – Australian ground frogs, 85 species Family Nasikabatrachidae – 2 species; formerly included in family Sooglossidae Family Nyctibatrachidae – 39 species; formerly considered part of the family Ranidae Subfamily Astrobatrachinae – 1 species Subfamily Lankanectinae – 2 species Subfamily Nyctibatrachinae – 36 species Family Odontobatrachidae – 5 species Family Odontophrynidae – 52 species Family Petropedetidae – 13 species; formerly considered part of Ranidae Family Phrynobatrachidae – 95 species; formerly considered part of Ranidae Family Ptychadenidae – 60 species, formerly considered part of Ranidae Family Pyxicephalidae – 85 species; formerly considered part of Ranidae Subfamily Cacosterninae – 79 species Subfamily Pyxicephalinae – 6 species Family Ranidae – true frogs, 409 species Family Ranixalidae – 18 species, formerly considered part of the family Ranidae Family Rhacophoridae – moss frogs, 430 species, formerly considered part of the family Ranidae Subfamily Buergeriinae – 5 species Subfamily Rhacophorinae – 425 species Family Sooglossidae Seychelles frogs, 4 species. Family Telmatobiidae – 63 species

Order Caudata: Salamanders

, 759 species of salamanders are recognised by Amphibian Species of the World.

Suborder Cryptobranchoidea

Family Cryptobranchidae – giant salamanders, 4 species Family Hynobiidae – Asiatic salamanders, 81 species Subfamily Hynobiinae, 71 species Subfamily Onychodactylinae – 10 species

Suborder Salamandroidea

Family Ambystomatidae – mole salamanders, 37 species. The Pacific mole salamanders of genus Dicamptodon (4 species) are considered a distinct family, Dicamptodontidae, by AmphibiaWeb: Family Amphiumidae – amphiumas or Congo eels, 3 species Family Plethodontidae – lungless salamanders, 488 species Subfamily Hemidactyliinae – 382 species; includes species formerly assigned to subfamilies Bolitoglossinae and Spelerpinae. Subfamily: Plethodontinae – 106 species Family Proteidae – mudpuppies and waterdogs, 9 species Family Rhyacotritonidae – torrent salamanders, 4 species Family Salamandridae – true salamanders and newts, 128 species Subfamily Pleurodelinae, 110 species Subfamily Salamandrinae, 16 species Subfamily Salamandrininae, 2 species

Suborder Sirenoidea

Family Sirenidae – sirens, 5 species

Order Gymnophiona: Caecilians

, 214 species of caecilians are recognised by Amphibian Species of the World.

Family Caeciliidae – common caecilians, 44 species Family Chikilidae – 4 species Family Dermophiidae – 14 species Family Herpelidae – 10 species Family Ichthyophiidae – fish caecilians, 57 species. The genus Uraeotyphlus (7 species) is sometimes considered a distinct family, Uraeotyphlidae. Family Indotyphlidae – 24 species Family Rhinatrematidae – beaked caecilians, 13 species Family Scolecomorphidae – 6 species; formerly considered a subfamily of Caeciliidae Family Siphonopidae – 28 species Family Typhlonectidae – 14 species; formerly considered a subfamily of Caeciliidae

List of amphibians

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