Cruzeiro do Sul (, Southern Cross) is a municipality located on the Juruá river in the west of the Brazilian state of Acre. It is the second-largest city in Acre.
It is bordered to the north by the state of Amazonas, to the south by Peru, to the east by the municipality of Porto Walter, to the west by the municipality of Rodrigues Alves, to the northwest by the municipality of Tarauacá, and to the northwest by the municipality of Mâncio Lima.
The municipality contains 23% of the Serra do Divisor National Park, created in 1989.
Marshal Thaumaturgo de Azevedo was primarily responsible for the founding of Cruzeiro do Sul on September 28, 1904. He chose that date because it coincided with the enactment of the Law of the FreeWomb, an important milestone in the gradual abolition of slavery in Brazil.
Freemasonry played a significant role in the life of Marshal Gregório Thaumaturgo de Azevedo, particularly in his political and social activities in Acre. He was one of the founders of the Fraternidade Acreana Masonic Lodge, which was crucial to the Acrean autonomy movement and contributed to the region's development.
In addition to Marshal Thaumaturgo, other explorers were also instrumental in the region's development during the rubber boom: NameContributionsMâncio LimaExplorer and politician who contributed to the occupation and development of the region.William ChandlessKnown for his expeditions in the Amazon, he helped map and explore areas of Acre.
Economy and buildings
The principal economic activity of the municipality is rubber extraction and export, as it was in the majority of the state of Acre. This business attracted many immigrants in the 20th century, including Germans. Of lesser importance is the farming of the commodities of cassava, coffee and rice. The city also operates as a regional trading center.
One of the city's most notable 20th-century structures is the Catedral Nossa Senhora da Glória. The parish was founded in 1915 by Spiritan priests, who established the first church in the Juruá valley. With more settlers, the territory was divided in 1930 and German priests were assigned to this area of the Upper Juruá.
Their influence was shown in the design of the current cathedral, which was begun in 1957; it opened in 1965. Its roof structure is said to be similar to a church in Cologne, Germany. The roof was constructed on site and raised by the workers. In 2015 the parish's centenary was celebrated with an exhibition of historic photographs and related lectures.
Transport
The town is served by Cruzeiro do Sul International Airport. The town is about 630 kilometres from Rio Branco by road, through the BR-364.
Geography The urban area of Cruzeiro do Sun has a size of .
Climate
Although the town has a tropical climate typical of Acre and the Amazon region (Köppen Am, bordering on Af as July receives just under of rainfall) it is notable for sporadic cold spells not typically found in low-lying equatorial areas. The temperature has twice dropped below , once in May and once in November. The coldest temperature ever recorded is and the warmest is . The warmest month by average temperature is October at , while the warmest month by average high is September at . The coolest months by the average temperature are June and July at , while the coolest month by average low is July at . The average annual temperature is . The average high temperature is , and all months have an average high above . This, combined with the high humidity year-round, leads to sweltering days.
Cruzeiro do Sul receives on average annually and has a wet season that generally falls between October and April and a drier season from June to September. March, receiving of rainfall on average, is the wettest month, while July is the driest month, receiving only of rainfall. The wet season has 14-18 precipitation days on average, while the dry season has 6-8 precipitation days on average. March has the most precipitation days and July and August have the least. Humidity is high year round, but drops below 80% from July to September. Even for a rainforest location, sunshine is unusually low, with the city only receiving an average of 1337.5 hours of sunshine annually. This is even lower than places such as London. For comparison, Manaus receives 1,774.8 hours of sunshine despite being wetter. Sunshine is lowest from January to March, and it rises during the dry season. July is the sunniest month, receiving 182.3 hours of sunshine.
Gallery
References
External links
Bem-vindo à Cruzeiro do Sul
+Prefeitos de Cruzeiro do SulOfficeTook officeNameNotesDepartmental Prefect7 September 1904Marechal Gregório Thaumaturgo de AzevedoDepartmental Prefect1 October 1906Dr. João Virgulino de AlencarDepartmental Prefect14 July 1907Dr. Antônio Manuel Bueno de AndradaDepartmental Prefect9 May 1910Cel. João CordeiroDepartmental Prefect2 May 1911Cel. Pedro AvelinoDepartmental Prefect17 February 1912Capitão Francisco Siqueira do Rego BarrosDepartmental Prefect6 April 1916Dr. Eleutério Frazão Muniz VarelaDepartmental Prefect25 September 1916Dr. José Augusto Carvalho MeloDepartmental Prefect11 April 1918Dr. José Joaquim da Costa Pereira BragaDepartmental Prefect17 April 1920Cel. Miguel Teixeira da CostaActingMunicipal Prefect21 January 1921Manuel Acrísio Xavier BezerraMunicipal Prefect10 January 1923Cel. Mâncio Agostinho Rodrigues LimaMunicipal Prefect30 July 1926Cel. Miguel Teixeira da CostaMunicipal Prefect1 July 1927Cel. Mâncio Agostinho Rodrigues LimaMunicipal Prefect13 November 1930Pedro de MoraesMunicipal Prefect10 December 1931Mâncio Agostinho Rodrigues LimaMunicipal Prefect28 September 1934Mâncio Agostinho Rodrigues LimaMunicipal Prefect21 February 1936Raimundo Augusto de AraújoMunicipal Prefect16 June 1939Mário de Oliveira LobãoMunicipal Prefect14 August 1939José Felipe da Costa AbreuMunicipal Prefect25 October 1941Mário de Oliveira LobãoMunicipal Prefect5 November 1943Silvestre Gomes CoelhoMunicipal Prefect4 August 1945Raimundo Mendes de Brito ArraesMunicipal Prefect26 November 1945Dr. Abel Pinheiro Maciel FilhoMunicipal Prefect23 May 1946Alfredo Pereira SalesMunicipal Prefect26 January 1948José Jeferson de AndradeMunicipal Prefect11 May 1949Osvaldo d'Albuquerque LimaMunicipal Prefect3 December 1949Antônio Miguel NicolauMunicipal Prefect28 June 1950José Klermann de Mesquita MeiraMunicipal Prefect27 December 1951Ten. Tancredo MaiaMunicipal Prefect15 September 1953Joaquim Lopes da CruzMunicipal Prefect11 June 1956Fernando Peres NobreMunicipal Prefect10 June 1961Ten. Francisco Aluizio de QueirozMunicipal Prefect28 July 1962Osvaldo d'Albuquerque LimaMunicipal Prefect17 October 1962Francisco do Vale VieiraMunicipal Prefect12 October 1963Maurício Peres NobreMunicipal Prefect31 January 1967Moacir de Souza RodriguesMunicipal Prefect27 May 1971Francisco Maciel CardosoPresident of the Municipal CouncilMunicipal Prefect27 August 1971Pedro RanziMunicipal Prefect19 September 1972Francisco Maciel CardosoMunicipal Prefect1 April 1975João Soares de FigueiredoMunicipal Prefect31 March 1980João Soares de FigueiredoMunicipal Prefect1985Pedro da Silva NegreirosProvisionalMunicipal Prefect1 January 1986João Barboza de SouzaMunicipal Prefect1 January 1990Pedro da Silva NegreirosMunicipal Prefect1 January 1993Orleir Messias CameliMunicipal Prefect1994–1995João Barboza de SouzaMunicipal Prefect1 January 1997Aluízio Bezerra de OliveiraMunicipal Prefect1 January 2001Carlos César Correia de MessiasMunicipal Prefect1 January 2005Maria Zila Frota Bezerra de OliveiraMunicipal Prefect1 January 2009Vagner José SalesMunicipal Prefect1 January 2013Vagner José SalesMunicipal Prefect1 January 2017Ilderlei CordeiroMunicipal Prefect18 August 2020Clodoaldo RodriguesPresident of the Municipal CouncilMunicipal Prefect1 January 2021Zequinha Lima Source: Alma Acreana, May 17, 2021