This is a partial list of the plant species considered native to Canada.
Many of the plants seen in Canada were introduced, either intentionally or accidentally. For these plants, see List of plants introduced to Canada.
N indicates native and X indicates exotic. Those plants whose status is unknown are marked with a ?.
Due to Canada's biodiversity, this page is divided.
Ca
Cakile — searockets Cakile edentula — American searocket Calamagrostis — reedgrasses Calamagrostis canadensis — Canada bluejoint, Canada reedgrass, Langsdorff's reedgrass, Macoun's reedgrass Calamagrostis deschampsioides — circumpolar reedgrass Calamagrostis lapponica — Lapland reedgrass Calamagrostis purpurascens — purple reedgrass Calamagrostis stricta subsp. inexpansa — bog reedgrass, northern reedgrass Calamintha — calamints Calamintha arkansana — low calamint, savoury, wild calamint, limestone wild basil Calamovilfa — sandreeds Calamovilfa longifolia var. magna — prairie sandreed Calla — callas Calla palustris — wild calla, water arum Callitriche — water-starworts Callitriche hermaphroditica — narrowleaf water-starwort, northern water-starwort, autumnal water-starwort Callitriche heterophylla — larger water-starwort Callitriche palustris — vernal water-starwort Callitropsis — Callitropsis nootkatensis — Alaska yellow cedar, Nootka false-cypress, yellow cedar Calopogon — grass-pinks Calopogon tuberosus — tuberous grass-pink Caltha — marsh marigolds Caltha natans — floating marsh marigold Caltha palustris — marsh marigold, cowslip, kingcup, cowflock Calypso — calypsoes Calypso bulbosa — calypso, fairy-slipper, nymph-of-the-north Calystegia — bindweeds Calystegia sepium — hedge bindweed, wild morning glory Calystegia spithamaea — low bindweed Camassia — hyacinths Camassia scilloides — wild hyacinth Threatened Campanula — bellflowers Campanula aparinoides — marsh bellflower, bedstraw bedflower, marsh harebell Campanula rotundifolia — American harebell, Scottish bluebell, bluebells of Scotland Campanulastrum — bellflowers Campanulastrum americanum — tall bellflower, American bellflower Campsis — trumpet vines Campsis radicans — trumpet vine, trumpet creeper Canadanthus — Canadanthus modestus — Canada aster, western bog aster, great northern aster, purple northern aster Cardamine — toothworts Cardamine bulbosa — spring cress, bulbous cress Cardamine concatenata — cutleaf toothwort, five-parted toothwort, slender toothwort Cardamine diphylla — twoleaf toothwort, broadleaf toothwort, crinkleroot Cardamine douglasii — purple cress, limestone bittercress Cardamine parviflora — small-flowered bittercress, sand bittercress Cardamine pensylvanica — Pennsylvania bittercress, Quaker bittercress Cardamine pratensis var. angustifolia — meadow bittercress Cardamine pratensis var. palustris — cuckoo-flower, lady's smock Carex spp. Carpinus — hornbeams Carpinus caroliniana — ironwood, American hornbeam, blue beech, musclewood Carya — hickories Carya cordiformis — bitternut hickory, swamp hickory, pignut hickory, yellowbud hickory Carya glabra — pignut hickory, sweet pignut, red hickory Carya laciniosa — big shellbark hickory Carya ovata — shagbark hickory, upland hickory, shellbark hickory
Castanea — chestnuts Castanea dentata — American chestnut, toothed chestnut Endangered Castilleja — Indian paintbrushes Castilleja coccinea — scarlet Indian paintbrush, scarlet painted-cup Castilleja raupii — Raup's painted-cup, Raup's Indian paintbrush Castilleja septentrionalis — northern paintbrush, Labrador Indian paintbrush Catabrosa — brook grasses Catabrosa aquatica — brook grass, water hairgrass Caulophyllum — cohoshes Caulophyllum giganteum Caulophyllum thalictroides — blue cohosh
Ce
Ceanothus — New Jersey teas Ceanothus americanus — New Jersey tea, redroot, white snowball, mountainsweet Ceanothus herbaceus — narrowleaf New Jersey tea, prairie redroot, inland ceanothus Celastrus — bittersweets Celastrus scandens — climbing bittersweet, American bittersweet Celtis — hackberries Celtis occidentalis — sugarberry, northern hackberry, false elm, common hackberry Celtis tenuifolia — dwarf hackberry Threatened Cenchrus — sandbars Cenchrus longispinus — longspine sandbur Cephalanthus — buttonbushes Cephalanthus occidentalis — common buttonbush Cerastium — mouse-ear chickweeds Cerastium alpinum — alpine mouse-ear chickweed, alpine chickweed, woolly alpine chickweed Cerastium arvense subsp. strictum — field mouse-ear chickweed, meadow mouse-ear chickweed, prairie mouse-ear chickweed (other subspecies, including the type subsp. arvense, are considered introduced) Cerastium brachypodum — shortstalk mouse-ear chickweed Cerastium nutans — nodding mouse-ear chickweed Cerastium velutinum — long-hairy chickweed Ceratophyllum — hornworts Ceratophyllum demersum — common hornwort, coontail Ceratophyllum echinatum — spineless hornwort
Ch
Chaerophyllum — chervils Chaerophyllum procumbens var. procumbens — spreading chervil Chaerophyllum procumbens var. shortii Chamaedaphne — leatherleafs Chamaedaphne calyculata — leatherleaf, dwarf cassandra Chamaesyce — spurges Chamaesyce polygonifolia — seaside spurge, seaside sandmat, sea milk-purslane Chamaesyce vermiculata — wormseed spurge, wormseed sandmat, hairy spurge, hairy-stemmed milk-purslane Chelone — turtleheads Chelone glabra — white turtlehead Chenopodium — goosefeet Chenopodium bushianum — village goosefoot Chenopodium capitatum — strawberry blite, strawberry-spinach, Indian paint, Indian ink, strawberry goosefoot Chenopodium foggii — Fogg's goosefoot Chenopodium leptophyllum — narrowleaf goosefoot Chenopodium pratericola — pale goosefoot, narrowleaf goosefoot, desert goosefoot Chenopodium salinum Chenopodium simplex — mapleleaf goosefoot, giantseed goosefoot Chenopodium standleyanum — Standley's goosefoot Chimaphila — pipsissewas Chimaphila maculata — striped pipsissewa, striped wintergreen, spotted wintergreen, striped prince's pine Endangered Chimaphila umbellata — pipsissewa, prince's pine Chrysanthemum — daisies Chrysanthemum arcticum — arctic daisy Chrysosplenium — saxifrages Chrysosplenium americanum — golden saxifrage, American watermat, American golden saxifrage Chrysosplenium tetrandrum — alternate-leaf watermat, northern golden saxifrage, northern golden-carpet
Ci
Cicuta — water hemlocks Cicuta bulbifera — bulb-bearing water hemlock Cicuta maculata — spotted water hemlock, spotted cowbane, musquash-root, beaver-poison Cicuta virosa — MacKenzie's water hemlock, northern water hemlock Cimicifuga — cohoshes Cimicifuga racemosa — black cohosh, black snakeroot, black bugbane Cinna — wood reedgrasses Cinna arundinacea — stout wood reedgrass Cinna latifolia — slender wood reedgrass, drooping woodreed, broadleaf woodgrass Circaea — enchanter's nightshades Circaea alpina — dwarf enchanter's nightshade, small enchanter's nightshade Circaea lutetiana — Canada enchanter's nightshade, southern broadleaf enchanter's nightshade Cirsium — thistles Cirsium discolor — pasture thistle, field thistle Cirsium drummondii — Drummond's thistle, short-stem thistle, dwarf thistle Cirsium flodmanii — prairie thistle, woolly thistle, Flodman's thistle Cirsium hillii — Hill's thistle Threatened Cirsium muticum — swamp thistle, dunce nettle, horsetops Cirsium pitcheri — Pitcher's thistle, sand dune thistle
Cl
Cladium — twigrushes Cladium mariscoides — twigrush, smooth sawgrass Claytonia — spring beauties Claytonia caroliniana — Carolina spring beauty Claytonia virginica — eastern spring beauty, narrowleaf spring beauty, Virginia spring beauty Clematis — virgin's-bowers Clematis occidentalis — western blue virgin's-bower, purple clematis, rock clematis, purple virgin's-bower Clematis virginiana — Virginia virgin's-bower, Devil's darning-needles Clinopodium — dog mints Clinopodium acinos (syn. Acinos arvensis) – mother-of-thyme, spring savoury, basil thyme Clinopodium vulgare — dog mint, wild basil, cushion calamint Clintonia — blue-bead lilies Clintonia borealis — blue-bead lily, cornlily, poisonberry, yellow clintonia
Co
Coeloglossum — green orchises Coeloglossum viride var. viriscens — long-bract green orchis Coeloglossum viride var. viride — bracted orchid Collinsia — horsebalms Collinsia canadensis — Canada horsebalm, northern horsebalm, stoneroot, richweed Collinsia parviflora — bluelips, small blue-eyed Mary Collomia — glueseeds Collomia linearis — glueseed, narrowleaf collomia Comandra — comandras Comandra umbellata — bastard toadflax, star toadflax Comptonia — sweetferns Comptonia peregrina — sweetfern Conioselinum — hemlock parsleys Conioselinum chinense — hemlock parsley Conopholis— squawroots Conopholis americana — squawroot Conyza — fleabanes Conyza canadensis — Canada fleabane, horseweed, butterweed Coptis — goldthreads Coptis trifolia — goldthread, canker-root, yellow snakeroot Corallorrhiza — coralroots Corallorrhiza maculata — spotted coralroot Corallorhiza odontorhiza — autumn coralroot Corallorrhiza striata — striped coralroot Corallorrhiza trifida — early coralroot, pale coralroot, northern coralroot Coreopsis — tickseeds Coreopsis lanceolata — lanceleaf tickseed, garden coreopsis, long-stalked coreopsis Coreopsis tripteris — tall coreopsis Corispermum — bugseeds Corispermum americanum — American bugseed Corispermum hookeri — Hooker's bugseed Corispermum pallasii — Pallas' bugseed Corispermum villosum — hairy bugseed Cornus — dogwoods Cornus alternifolia — alternate-leaf dogwood, pagoda dogwood, green osier Cornus amomum subsp. amomum — silky dogwood, red willow, swamp dogwood Cornus amomum subsp. obliqua Cornus canadensis — Canada bunchberry, crackerberry, dwarf cornel Cornus drummondii — roughleaf dogwood, Drummond's dogwood Cornus florida — eastern flowering dogwood, common white dogwood Cornus foemina — stiff dogwood, English dogwood, stiff cornel Cornus rugosa — roundleaf dogwood Cornus stolonifera — red-osier dogwood Corydalis — corydalises Corydalis aurea — golden corydalis Corydalis flavula — yellow corydalis Corydalis sempervirens — pale corydalis Corylus — hazelnuts Corylus americana — American hazelnut, American filbert Corylus cornuta — beaked hazelnut, beaked filbert
Cr
Crassula — pygmyweeds Crassula aquatica — water pygmyweed Crataegus — hawthorns Crataegus apiomorpha Crataegus beata Crataegus brainerdii — Brainerd's hawthorn Crataegus calpodendron — pear hawthorn Crataegus chrysocarpa var. aboriginum Crataegus chrysocarpa var. chrysocarpa — fireberry hawthorn, roundleaf hawthorn Crataegus chrysocarpa var. phoenicea Crataegus coccinea var. coccinea — scarlet hawthorn Crataegus coccinea var. fulleriana — Fuller's hawthorn Crataegus cognata — white-anthered frosted hawthorn Crataegus comptacta Crataegus crus-galli — cockspur hawthorn Crataegus dilatata — broadleaf hawthorn Crataegus dissona Crataegus dodgei var. dodgei — Dodge's hawthorn Crataegus dodgei var. flavida Crataegus douglasii — black hawthorn, Douglas' hawthorn Crataegus flabellata — fanleaf hawthorn, Bosc's thorn, New England hawthorn Crataegus formosa Crataegus irrasa — unshorn thorn, Blanchard's thorn Crataegus lumaria Crataegus macracantha — longthorn hawthorn, largethorn hawthorn Crataegus macrosperma — bigfruit hawthorn, variable thorn Crataegus magniflora Crataegus margeretta Crataegus mollis — downy hawthorn, red haw Crataegus pennsylvanica Crataegus perjucunda — Middlesex frosted hawthorn Crataegus persimilis — plumleaf hawthorn Crataegus populnea Crataegus pringlei — Pringle's hawthorn Crataegus pruinosa var. parvula Crataegus pruinosa var. pruinosa — waxy-fruit hawthorn, frosted hawthorn Crataegus punctata — dotted hawthorn Crataegus rugosa — broadleaf frosted hawthorn Crataegus scabrida Crataegus schuettei — royal hawthorn