Cynognathia ("dog jaw") is one of two major clades of cynodonts, the other being Probainognathia. Cynognathians included the large carnivorous genus Cynognathus and the herbivorous or omnivorous gomphodonts such as traversodontids. Cynognathians can be identified by several synapomorphies including a very deep zygomatic arch that extends above the middle of the orbit.
Cynognathian fossils are currently known from Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, North America and South America.
Taxonomy Suborder Cynodontia Infraorder Eucynodontia (unranked) Cynognathia Family Cynognathidae Cynognathus (unranked) Gomphodontia Family Diademodontidae Diademodon Titanogomphodon (unranked) Neogomphodontia Family Trirachodontidae Subfamily Trirachodontinae Langbergia Trirachodon Subfamily Sinognathinae Beishanodon Sinognathus Cricodon Family Traversodontidae Etjoia Nanogomphodon Scalenodon Subfamily Traversodontinae Traversodon Luangwa Unnamed clade Andescynodon Pascualgnathus Mandagomphodon Subfamily Massetognathinae Dadadon Massetognathus Santacruzodon Subfamily Arctotraversodontinae Arctotraversodon Boreogomphodon Plinthogomphodon Habayia Maubeugia Microscalenodon Mandagomphodon Rosieria Subfamily Gomphodontosuchinae Gomphodontosuchus Menadon Protuberum Ruberodon Scalenodontoides Exaeretodon Siriusgnathus
Phylogeny Cynognathians in a cladogram after Stefanello et al. (2023):
See also Evolution of mammals
References