Ars et Labor Ferrara, formerly Società Polisportiva Ars et Labor, known for its former acronym S.P.A.L., is a professional football club based in Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. During the 2024–25 season the team played in Serie C, the third tier of the Italian football league system.

The first city’s club appeared in 1907. Since 1928 they have played their home matches at Stadio Paolo Mazza, named after Paolo Mazza (chairman of the club between 1946 and 1977).

In total, SPAL have participated in 24 top-tier, 28 second-tier, 43 third-tier, 7 fourth-tier and 1 fifth-tier league seasons. The club's best finish was when they came fifth in the 1959–60 Serie A; they also reached the 1961–62 Coppa Italia final.

The club was chaired by the American lawyer and businessman Joe Tacopina and the manager was Francesco Baldini until the 2025 liquidation, after which the team's legacy is carried on by Ars et Labor Ferrara.

History From foundation to World War II

The club was founded in March 1907 as Circolo Ars et Labor (Latin for Art and Work Club) by the Salesian priest Pietro Acerbis. In the early stages, it was mainly a cultural and religious association, then in 1913 it became a multi-sports company, taking the name of Società Polisportiva Ars et Labor (a mixture of Italian and Latin meaning Sports Club Society of Art and Work). The team began its professional activity under the aegis of the Italian Football Federation (Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio) in 1919, competing in the second-tier tournament.

SPAL played in the top flight league from 1920 to 1925, reaching the qualification playoff for the National Finals in 1921–22. From 1925 until the Second World War, they played in Serie B and Serie C: in this period, the club's all-time top striker Mario Romani scored 130 goals in 189 games during two different periods with the white-blues (1925–32 and 1937–38).

Between 1939 and 1943 the club temporarily changed its name to Associazione Calcio Ferrara, wearing the black and white colours of the city. After the suspension of the championships due to war, in 1945 the club returned to the name SPAL and to the light blue and white kits.

The golden period in Serie A

In 1946 Paolo Mazza became chairman of the club. After five consecutive seasons in Serie B, SPAL won promotion to Serie A after finishing the championship first in 1950–51. The white-blues subsequently stayed in the top division for most of the 1950s and 1960s, competing in 16 out of 17 Serie A seasons from 1951 to 1968.

SPAL finished fifth in 1959–60, thus obtaining the best placement in its history. Also, in 1961–62 they played in the Coppa Italia final, losing against Napoli. In the early stages of 1962–63 season, in which the club finished in eighth place, the white and blues reached the top of the league table. During those years, the club was a launchpad for many young players, among them Fabio Capello.

In 1963–64 they were relegated to Serie B, but they came back to Serie A after only one year, and remained in the top division until 1968. At the end of the last season in the top flight, SPAL won the Cup of Italian-Swiss Friendship.

From 1970s to 21st century During 1970s, 1980s and 1990s SPAL played mostly in Serie B and Serie C/C1.

Paolo Mazza quit the presidency in December 1976 and was replaced by Primo Mazzanti. The former chairman died in December 1981 and three months later Ferrara's Stadio Comunale was named after him.

In 1990, Giovanni Donigaglia became chairman of the club: between 1990 and 1992 SPAL obtained back-to-back promotions from Serie C2 to Serie B, under the management of Giovan Battista Fabbri. Donigaglia left the presidency in 2002 with the squad in Serie C1. He was replaced by Lino di Nardo.

Recent years The club went bankrupt in 2005, and were reformed as SPAL 1907, under the terms of Article 52 of N.O.I.F. In the summer of 2012, after suffering a second bankruptcy, the club was refounded for the second time as Real SPAL and would begin life in Serie D under the same N.O.I.F. article.

At the end of the 2012–13 season the club took back its original name. Giacomense, a club founded in 1967 at Masi San Giacomo, a frazione of Masi Torello, had moved to the city of Ferrara; on 12 July 2013, owner Roberto Benasciutti made a deal with the Colombarini family for a merger between SPAL and Giacomense, with the latter giving its sports title to SPAL and continuing to play in Ferrara. The club initially adopted the name S.P.A.L. 2013, in order to continue the football history of the whiteblues, then they took back the original denomination of S.P.A.L.. Walter Mattioli became president, with Simone and Francesco Colombarini as main shareholders.

They finished the 2013–14 Lega Pro Seconda Divisione season in sixth place, thus qualifying for the inaugural unified 2014–15 Lega Pro season. In 2015–16, the squad won promotion to Serie B for the first time since the 1992–93 season, after finishing first in group B of the Lega Pro. The following year they came first in Serie B, thus obtaining promotion to Serie A after a 49-year absence. In their first season back in Serie A, SPAL avoided relegation by finishing in 17th place. At the end of the 2018–19 season they confirmed their presence in the top flight for a third consecutive year, finishing 13th. The club had mixed fortunes in the 2019–20 season and, after gaining just 15 points in 23 games, coach Leonardo Semplici was dismissed in February 2020, replaced by Luigi Di Biagio. SPAL were relegated to Serie B, finishing in last place with 20 points. The club reached the 2020–21 Coppa Italia quarter-finals, becoming the only team from Serie B to advance to that stage in the competition.

In August 2021, the club was acquired by the American lawyer and businessman Joe Tacopina. Some media say that the real owners behind Mr. Tacopina are brothers Alessandro Bazzoni and Lorenzo Bazzoni, Italian businessmen presumed to be linked with the government of Nicolas Maduro. SPAL was relegated to Serie C at the end of the 2022–23 season. On 2 January 2024, Tacopina revealed the name of the new co-owner of the club, American broker and businessman Marcello Follano, with whom he founded a new parent company controlling SPAL, Tacollano Holdings LLC. However, on 7 June 2025, SPAL announced that it would not participate in the 2025–26 Serie C season, due to ongoing financial strain and the inability to attract new investors, despite having injected around €50 million into the club over the past four years. SPAL eventually went into liquidation although a new club Ars et Labor Ferrara was founded, for the 2025/2026 season playing in the Eccellenza Emilia-Romagna (fifth tier) league.

Colours, badge and nicknames The team's colours are light blue and white, which derive from the Salesians' emblem. The home kit, since 1962, has been composed of a vertical striped light blue-white shirt, white trainers and white socks. The only exception to light blue and white was when the club adopted a black and white kit between 1939 and 1943 (when it was named A.C. Ferrara), in honour of Ferrara's civic colours.

The team's badge features an oval-shaped light blue escutcheon, with a white band in the upper section, on which is written the acronym S.P.A.L. in golden characters. Also, in the lower section, the black and white emblem of the city is featured. From 1980 until 1995, the official badge featured a fawn, another symbol of the club.

SPAL's most common nicknames are Biancazzurri (from the club colours, light blue and white) and Estensi (from the House of Este, ancient European noble dynasty that ruled Ferrara from 1264 to 1598).

Stadium

Campo di Piazza d'Armi (1919–28) Stadio Paolo Mazza (1928–)

The current home ground of SPAL is the 16,134 seater Stadio Paolo Mazza. The stadium was opened in September 1928 as Stadio Comunale, then took on its current name in February 1982, in honour of the former president of the club Paolo Mazza, who died two months earlier.

Initially it had a capacity of 4,000. Then, in concomitance with the promotion of SPAL to Serie A, in 1951 it was subjected to a heavy restructuring that brought capacity to 25,000. Between 1960s and 1980s it was renovated again, reducing the number of possible spectators to 22,000 until the mid-2000s.

From 2005 to 2016 the stadium capacity was limited to 7,500 due to safety reasons and cost containment. In 2016–17, after the club's promotion to Serie B and then to Serie A, the stadium was restructured again to match the modern needs of comfort and safety. In the summer of 2018 a further remodeling took place, in order to bring the total capacity from 13,135 seats to 16,134.

Sponsors Kit sponsors 1981–86: Adidas 1986–87: Meyba 1987–89: Fitness 1989–91: WBS 1991–04: Asics 2004–05: Zeus 2005–09: Legea 2009–10: Asics 2010–12: Givova 2012–13: Legea 2013–16: Erreà 2016–17: HS Football 2017–25: Macron* 2025–present: Erreà

Players

Captains

Below a chronological list of SPAL captains since 1950.

Name Years Name Years Giovanni Emiliani 1950–53 Marcello Castoldi 1953–54 Edoardo Dal Pos 1954–59 Oscar Massei 1959–61 Sergio Cervato 1961–65 Oscar Massei 1965–68 Carlo Dell'Omodarme 1968–69 Enrico Cairoli Jul. 1969–Oct. 1973 Lucio Mongardi Oct. 1973–Jun. 1975 Sergio Reggiani 1975–76 Ottavio Bianchi 1976–77 Franco Pezzato 1977–79 Mauro Gibellini 1979–81 Rosario Rampanti 1981–82 Mirco Brilli 1982–83 Giuseppe De Gradi 1983–85 Elio Gustinetti 1985–86 Fabio Perinelli 1986–87 Arturo Vianello 1987–88 Massimo Pellegrini 1988–89 Francesco Cini 1989–90 Franco Fabbri 1990–91 Giuseppe Brescia 1991–93 Andrea Mangoni 1993–94 Giuseppe Brescia 1994–96 Eugenio Sgarbossa 1996–97 Fausto Pari 1997–98 Alfonso Greco 1998–99 Massimo Gadda 1999–00 Emanuele Cancellato Jul. 2000–Jan. 2002 Cristian Servidei Jan. 2002–Jun. 2002 Francesco Zanoncelli 2002–03 Manuel Milana 2003–06 David Sesa 2006–08 Luis Fernando Centi Jul. 2008–Feb. 2009 Marco Zamboni Feb. 2009–Jun. 2012 Davide Marchini 2012–13 Massimiliano Varricchio 2013–14 Nicolas Giani 2014–17 Luca Mora Jul. 2017–Jan. 2018 Mirco Antenucci Jan. 2018–Jun. 2019 Sergio Floccari 2019–21 Francesco Vicari 2021–22 Salvatore Esposito Jul. 2022–Jan. 2023 Lorenzo Dickmann Jan. 2023–Jun.2023 Mirco Antenucci 2023–25

Technical staff

Chairmen history SPAL have had several presidents (chairmen) ( or ) over the course of their history. Some of them have been the main shareholder of the club. The longest-serving is Paolo Mazza.

Name Years Name Years Don Pietro Acerbis 1907–11 Conte Buosi 1911–12 Aminta Gulinati 1912–15 Antonio Santini 1919–21 Enrico Bassani 1921–24 Gaetano Ridolfi 1924–27 Giannino Bonfiglioli 1927–28 On. Ferri 1928–31 Giuseppe Turbiani Carlo Osti 1931–32 Comm. Gandini 1932–33 Umberto Barbè Giulio Divisi 1933–34 Luigi Orsi 1934–35 Giovanni Argazzi 1935–36 Nino Fiorini 1936–37 Angelo Vissoli 1937–39 Annio Bignardi 1939–41 Augusto Caniato 1941–43 Edmondo Bucci 1945–46 Paolo Mazza 1946–77 Primo Mazzanti 1977–85 Giorgio Rossatti 1985–86 Francesco Nicolini 1986–89 Albersano Ravani 1989–90 Giovanni Donigaglia 1990–96 Vanni Guzzinati 1996–97 Giovanni Donigaglia 1997–02 Lino Di Nardo 2002–05 Gianfranco Tomasi 2005–08 Cesare Butelli 2008–12 Roberto Ranzani 2012–13 Walter Mattioli 2013–21 Joe Tacopina 2021–25 Joe Tacopina 2021-25 Joseph Portelli 2026-

Managerial history

SPAL have had many managers and head coaches throughout their history, below is a chronological list of them.