Abū ʿAmr ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAmr al-Awzāʿī (; 707–774) was a Sunni Muslim scholar, jurist, theologian, and the chief representative and eponym of the Awza'i school of Islamic jurisprudence.

Biography

Awzāʿī, of Sindhi origin, was born in Baalbek (in modern-day Lebanon) in 707. He was referred to by his nisbah Awzā (الأوزاع), part of Banu Hamdan. The biographer and historian al-Dhahabī reports on the authority of Abū Zurʿa al-Dimashqī that Awzāʿī was from al-Sind, and was a mawali of ʾAwzā tribe in his early life; Ibn ʿAsākir gives same account from Aḥmad ibn Kāmil al-Qāḍī. He may have been of Jat origin. Very little of al-Awzāʿī's writings survive, but his style of Islamic jurisprudence (usul al-fiqh) is preserved in Abu Yusuf's book Al-radd ʿala siyar al-Awzāʿī, in particular his reliance on the "living tradition," or the uninterrupted practice of Muslims handed down from preceding generations. For Awzāʿī, this was the true Sunnah of Muhammad. Awzāʿī's school flourished in Syria, the Maghreb, and al-Andalus but was eventually overcome and replaced by the Maliki school of Islamic law in the 9th century. He died in 774 and was buried near Beirut, Lebanon, where his tomb is still visited.John Esposito, The Oxford Dictionary of Islam, Oxford University Press, 2003

Views Theologically, al-Awza'i was known as a persecutor of the Qadariyah, but also one of the main historical witnesses of them. He said the Qadariyah merely appropriated the heretical doctrines of Christians. He had met their founder Ma'bad al-Juhani.Steven C. Judd, "The Early Qadariyya" in The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology, ed. Sabine Schmidtke (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016), 47-48.

Al-Awza'i differed with other schools of jurisprudence in holding that apostates from Islam ought not be executed unless their apostasy is part of a plot to take over the state.

In the introduction to his work al-Jarh wa-l-Ta'dil, Ibn Abi Hatim al-Razi preserves a corpus of ten letters attributed to al-Awza'i. In these letters, al-Awza'i addresses a series of high-ranking officials in order to plead the cause of individuals and groups. Among other things, he encouraged the Abbasids to ransom Muslims who were captured by the Byzantines in Erzurum, and to increase the wages of the Syrian soldiers in charge of protecting the Levantine coast.

Further reading

References

External links Biodata at MuslimScholars.info