Private spaceflight companies include non-governmental or privately owned entities focused on developing and/or offering equipment and services geared towards spaceflight, both robotic and human. This list includes both inactive and active entities. List of abbreviations used in this articleLEO: Low Earth orbit

GTO: Geostationary transfer orbit

HCO: Heliocentric orbit

VTOL: Vertical take-off and landing

SSTO: Single-stage-to-orbit

TSTO: Two-stage-to-orbit

SSTSO: Single-stage-to-sub-orbit

Commercial astronauts Association of Spaceflight Professionals — Astronaut training, applied research and development, payload testing and integration, mission planning and operations support (Christopher Altman, Soyeon Yi)Seedhouse, Erik. Astronauts for Hire: The Emergence of the World's First Commercial Astronaut Corps. Springer-Verlag: New York (2012).

Manufacturers of space vehicles

Cargo transport vehicles

Company nameSpacecraftLaunch systemLength (m)Dry mass (kg)Launch mass (kg)Payload (kg)Payload volume (m3)Return payload (kg)Diameter (m)Generated power (W)Automated dockingStatusSpaceXDragonFalcon 9 Block 5 pressurized or unpressurized, in any mixture (pressurized), plus (unpressurized), or (unpressurized with extended trunk) capsule returnNoRetired (21/22)Dragon 2Falcon 9 Block 5 (pressurized), plus (unpressurized)YesOperational (12/12)Starship (spacecraft)Super Heavy52.1 - - - - -9 - -TestingOrbitalCygnus (standard)Antares 110NoneNoRetired (3/4)Northrop Grumman Innovation SystemsCygnus (enhanced)Antares 230 Atlas V 401 Falcon 9 Block 5NoneNoOperational (16/16)Sierra SpaceDream Chaser Cargo SystemAtlas V Vulcan pressurized, unpressurizedYesDevelopment (planned 2025, missed)The Exploration CompanyNyxMultiple4,000 - 5,000~83,000YesDevelopmentInversion SpaceArcMultiple (rideshare)small payloadsNoDevelopmentAtmos Space CargoPhoenix 1Falcon 9250100NoRetired (1/1)Phoenix 2Multiple10050 (mean), 100 (peak)NoDevelopment (planned 2026)Mitsubishi Heavy IndustriesHTV-XH3-24L8.016,0004,070 pressurised, 1,750 unpressurised78None4.43,000 (3 kW)NoOperational (1/1)Rocket Factory Augsburg RedshiftRFA One1,300 (SSO)NoneNoDevelopmentHyImpulseHymoveSL1400NoneNoDevelopmentImpulse SpaceMiraFalcon 9300~1None350NoOperational (3/3)HeliosMultiple4,000 - 5,5006.5 m tall x 4.5 m diameterNoneNoDevelopmentAVIC (Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute)HaolongZhuque-3101,8008 (wingspan)YesDevelopmentCAS SpaceQingzhouKinetica-2 (Lijian-2)54,2001,800–2,7509 (cargo bay; 27 pressurized)None3.3YesTesting (1/1)GraviticsDiamondbackTBD5–12NoneNoDevelopmentMedusaTBDNoneNoDevelopmentViper OTXTBDNoneNoDevelopment

Crew transport vehicles

Orbital Company nameSpacecraftRangeLaunch systemCrew sizeLength (m)Diameter (m)Launch mass (kg)Power systemFirst spaceflight*StatusBlue OriginBiconic Space VehicleLEONew GlennPlanned date not knownDevelopmentBoeingCST-100 StarlinerLEOMultiple, initially Atlas V13,000Solar panelsCrewed: 5 June 2024 (Uncrewed: 20 December 2019)OperationalSierra SpaceDream Chaser Space SystemLEOMultiple, initially Vulcan Centaur2026DevelopmentSpaceXDragon 2LEOFalcon 9 Block 5Number of seats will be 4 for crew member rotations for the ISSup to 6,000SolarCrewed: May 30, 2020 (Uncrewed: 2 March 2019)Operational (18/18)StarshipMarsAlthough designed to be capable of flying to anywhere in the Solar System, this vehicle's intended maximum range (after refueling in LEO) is MarsSuper HeavyPlus fins/legsSolar panelsPlanned: First Crewed: 2027 (First Uncrewed: 20 April 2023)Testing (6/11)

* - Format: Crewed (Uncrewed), includes failures

Suborbital

Company nameSpacecraftRangeLaunch systemCrew sizeLength (m)Diameter (m)Launch mass (kg)First spaceflight*StatusScaled CompositesSpaceShipOneWhite Knight8.538.053,60021 June 2004Retired (3/3)Does not include crewed atmospheric flightsBlue OriginNew Shepard Crew Capsule (capsule, using the launch escape system motor)New Shepard3.6Crewed: July 20, 2021 (Uncrewed: April 29, 2015)Operational (23/24)The Spaceship CompanySpaceShipTwoWhite Knight Two8 (6 passengers, 2 pilots)18.38.39,74013 December 2018Testing (10/11)Does not include powered flights not intended to reach spaceCopenhagen SuborbitalsDenmark's amateur human space program.Tycho Deep SpaceSpica130.9554,000DevelopmentPD AeroSpace(Unknown)(Unknown) (6 passengers, 2 pilots)14.8>6,000DevelopmentWorld ViewExplorer Capsule30 km (19 mi)Stratospheric Balloon10 (8 passengers, 1 pilot, 1 concierge)5.54,500Planned 2024DevelopmentSpace PerspectiveSpaceship Neptune30 km (19 mi)Stratospheric BalloonFirst uncrewed flight: 15 September 2024DevelopmentHalo SpaceAurora40 km (24 mi)Stratospheric BalloonFirst uncrewed flight: December 2022Development

* - Format: Crewed (Uncrewed), includes failures

Launch vehicle manufacturers

Company nameLauncher nameLauncher typeNo. of stagesMaximum reachLauncher statusMaiden flightRefABL Space SystemsRS1Light rocket2LEORetired (0/1)10 January 2023AgniKul CosmosAgnibaanLight rocket2LEODevelopmentUnknownARCA SpaceHaas 2bSuborbital crewed rocket1SuborbitalCancelled—Haas2b specifications ARCAHaas 2CALight rocket1LEOCancelled—Haas2c specifications ARCASuper HaasMedium rocket2LEOCancelled—Super haas Specifications ARCAEcoRocket DemonstratorReusable light rocket3LEODevelopmentUnknown (2022 planned, missed)EcoRocket HeavyHeavy rocket3Deep spaceProposedUnknownArianespaceAriane 1Medium rocket3LEORetired (9/11)1979Ariane 2Medium rocket3LEORetired (5/6)1986Ariane 3Medium rocket3LEORetired (10/11)1984Ariane 4Medium rocket3LEORetired (113/116)1988Ariane 5Heavy rocket2LEOOperational (112/117)1996Ariane 6Heavy rocket2LEOOperational (5/6)2024Ariane NextPartially reusable heavy rocket2LEODevelopment2030sAustralian Space Research InstituteAUSROC NanoLight rocket2LEOCancelled—Astra SpaceAstra Rocket 1Sounding rocket2SuborbitalRetired (0/1)2018Astra Rocket 2Sounding rocket2SuborbitalRetired (0/1)2018Astra Rocket 3Light rocket2LEORetired (2/5)2020Astra Rocket 4Light rocket2LEODevelopment2026 (planned)SALVOLight rocket2LEOCancelled—Blue OriginNew ShepardReusable suborbital rocket1SuborbitalOperational (22/23)2015New GlennReusable heavy rocket2 or 3GTOOperational (1/1)2025New ArmstrongReusable super-heavy rocket3HCOProposed~2030 (proposed)BluShift AerospaceStardustReusable sounding rocket1SuborbitalOperational (1/1)2020Starless RogueSounding rocket2SuborbitalCancelled—Brown DwarfSounding rocket2 or 3SuborbitalCancelled—Red DwarfLight rocket3LEOCancelled— (2024 planned, missed)Borneo SubOrbitalsTBASounding rocket2 or 3SuborbitalCancelled— (2022 planned, missed)Canadian ArrowCanadian ArrowSuborbital crewed rocket2SuborbitalCancelled—Dawn AerospaceMk-II AuroraReusable spaceplane1SuborbitalTest flights (3/3)2023Evolution SpaceGold Chain CowboySounding rocket1SuborbitalDevelopment2023Exos AerospaceSARGEReusable sounding rocket1SuborbitalOperational (3/4)2018Equatorial Space SystemsVolansLight Rocket3LEODevelopmentUnknownDoradoSounding Rocket1 or 2SuborbitalDevelopmentUnknown (2023 planned, missed)LADSounding Rocket1SuborbitalRetired (1/1)2020Firefly AerospaceFirefly AlphaLight rocket2LEOOperational (4/5)2021Firefly MLVLight rocket2LEODevelopment2026 (planned)Galactic EnergyCeres-1Light Rocket4LEOOperational (23/24)2020Ceres-2Light Rocket4LEOTesting (0/1)2026Pallas-1Partially reusable medium rocket2SSODevelopment2026 (planned)Pallas-2Reusable super-heavy rocketUnknownUnknownDevelopmentUnknownGilmour Space TechnologiesRASTASounding rocket1SuborbitalRetired (1/1)2016ErisLight rocket3LEOTesting (0/1)July 2025Generation OrbitX-60A (GOLauncher 1)Air-launched sounding rocket1 + airplaneSuborbitalDevelopmentUnknownGOLauncher 2Air-launch-to-orbit2 + airplaneLEODevelopmentUnknownIndependence-X AerospaceDNLV (Dedicated Nano Launch Vehicle)Light rocket2LEODevelopment2023 (planned, missed)Interorbital SystemsNEPTUNE N seriesLight rocket3–4LEODevelopmentUnknownInterorbital Systems Neptune Interorbital SystemsNEPTUNE N36Light rocket4TLIProposedUnknownNeptune TSAAHTOMedium rocket2½TLIProposedUnknownInterstellar TechnologiesMomoSounding rocket1SuborbitalOperational (3/7)2017ZEROLight rocket2LEODevelopmentUnknownDECAReusable Medium rocket1-2SSOProposedUnknownIsar AerospaceSpectrumLight rocket2LEOTesting (0/1)2025Lockheed MartinVentureStarReusable spaceplane1LEOCancelled—AthenaMedium rocket2 or 3TLIRetired (5/7)1995OneSpaceOS-XSounding rocket2SuborbitalOperational (2/2)2018China's private space sector has achieved liftoff. Michelle Toh and Serenitie Wang, CNN News. 17 May 2018.OS-M1Light rocket3LEOOperational (0/1)2019OS-M2Light rocket3 + 2 boostersLEODevelopmentUnknownOS-M4Light rocket3 + 4 boostersLEODevelopmentUnknownOrbexPrimeLight rocket2LEOCancelled—OrbitXHaribon SLS-1Light rocket2LEOCancelled— (2023–2024 planned, missed)Northrop Grumman Innovation SystemsAntaresMedium rocket3LEORetired (17/18)2013Minotaur-C, formerly TaurusLight rocket4LEORetired (7/10)1994PegasusAir-launch-to-orbit3-4 + airplaneHEORetired (40/45)1990OmegaMedium rocket3 + 0-6 boostersGEOCancelled(planned 2021, missed)Orbital Transport & Raketen AGOTRAGMedium rocketVariableLEO (designed) Suborbital (achieved)Retired (15/18)1977Perigee AerospaceBlue Whale 1Light rocket2LEODevelopment2025PLD SpaceMiura 1Sounding rocket1SuborbitalOperational (1/1)6 October 2023Miura 5Light rocket3LEODevelopment2026 (planned)Miura NextReusable light rocket2LEODevelopmentUnknownRelativity SpaceTerran 1Light rocket2LEORetired (0/1)23 March 2023Terran RReusable heavy rocket2Deep spaceDevelopment2026 (planned)Rocket LabĀtea-1Sounding rocket2SuborbitalRetired (1/1)2009Ātea-2Sounding rocket2SuborbitalCancelled—ElectronReusable light rocket2TLIOperational (34/37)2017NeutronReusable medium rocket2GTODevelopment2026 (planned)Rocket Factory AugsburgRFA OneLight rocket3LEODevelopment2026 (planned)Skyroot AerospaceVikram-SSounding rocket1SuborbitalOperational (1/1)2022Vikram-ILight rocket4LEOOperational (1/1)2026Vikram-IILight rocket3LEODevelopment2027 (planned)SkyroraSkyrora 1Sounding rocket1SuborbitalDevelopmentUnknownSkylark MicroSounding rocket2SuborbitalOperational (1/1)2021Skylark LSounding rocket1SuborbitalDevelopment2022 (planned, missed)Skyrora XLLight rocket3LEODevelopment2023 (planned, missed)Space Services Inc.PercheronSounding rocket1SuborbitalCancelled—Conestoga 1620Medium rocket4LEO (designed) Suborbital (achieved)Retired (0/1)1995Space PioneerTiansuo-1Vertical landing test stage1SuborbitalDevelopmentUnknownTianlong-1Light rocketLEOTesting (0/1)2026Tianlong-2Light rocketLEOOperational (1/1)2023Tianlong-3Reusable light rocketLEODevelopment2026 (planned)SpaceXFalcon 1Light rocket2LEORetired (2/5)2006Falcon 1eLight rocket2LEOCancelled—Falcon 5Medium rocket2GTOCancelled—Falcon 9 v1.0Medium rocket2GTO (designed) LEO (achieved)Retired (5/5)2010Falcon 9 v1.1Medium rocket2HCORetired (14/15)2013Falcon 9 Full Thrust Block 1–4Reusable medium rocket / Heavy rocket (expendable)2TMIRetired (36/36)2015Falcon 9 Block 5Reusable medium rocket / Heavy rocket (expendable)2TMIOperational (/)2018Falcon HeavyReusable heavy rocket /