William Buwalda (1869–1946) Mob Work: Anarchists in Grand Rapids, Vol. 2 (Grand Rapids, MI: Sprout Distro, 2014), p. 23 was a United States soldier (private first-class) who gained national attention after being punished with three years' hard labour for shaking hands with anarchist Emma Goldman in the early 1900s after attending a speech by her.
Early life Buwalda was born in 1869 in the Netherlands and moved to Jamestown Township in Michigan in 1883.Mob Work: Anarchists in Grand Rapids, Vol. 2 (Grand Rapids, MI: Sprout Distro, 2014), p. 15 He enlisted in the military when he was 23, continuing a family tradition of military service that went back to the Netherlands. Buwalda served five tours of duty and fought in the Spanish–American War. His service was described as “excellent” by the military.Mob Work: Anarchists in Grand Rapids, Vol. 2 (Grand Rapids, MI: Sprout Distro, 2014), p. 15
Buwalda's court martial William Buwalda attended a lecture by the anarchist Emma Goldman at Walton's Pavilion in San Francisco on April 26, 1908.Timeline: Anarchism and Emma Goldman @PBS.org as retrieved on December 30, 2006. Following the conclusion of the lecture, Buwalda—in uniform—shook her hand and was court-martialed for it in violation of the 62nd Article of War. He was sentenced to three years' hard labour at Alcatraz. However, Buwalda was pardoned by President Theodore Roosevelt after serving only 10 months in prison."Emma Goldman and Reitman in Trouble ", Los Angeles Herald, Volume 36, Number 107, January 16, 1909
Goldman wrote that General Frederick Funston, who reduced Buwalda's sentence to three years, said that “the first duty of an officer or an enlisted man is unquestioned obedience and loyalty to the government, and it makes no difference whether he approves of that government or not.”
Buwalda's turn to anarchism Anarchists—including Emma Goldman—contributed greatly to efforts to free Buwalda.Mob Work: Anarchists in Grand Rapids, Vol. 2 (Grand Rapids, MI: Sprout Distro, 2014), p. 16 Emma Goldman credited the anarchists' efforts for Buwalda's pardon.Emma Goldman (1930), Living My Life, Volume 1, (Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 1970), p. 444
While Buwalda was not an anarchist at the time of his arrest and said that he did not hold “anarchistic or disloyal views” during his trial, he eventually came to support anarchist ideas."Buwalda Declares He's No Anarchist" , San Francisco Call, Vol. 3, No. 165, May 15, 1908 In 1909, he published a letter in the anarchist journal Mother Earth outlining his reasons for returning his military medals to the United States government.William Buwalda, "Wm. Buwalda's Letter to the United States Government ", The Libertarian Labyrinth
Buwalda's letter with the returned medals reads:(Published in "Mother Earth" 1909, and Quoted from Emma Goldman, "Living My Life" Volume 1, page 448)
Over the next, several years Buwalda contributed to the anarchist movement while living in rural West Michigan. He organized several lectures for Emma Goldman in Grand Rapids and networked with other anarchists across the country.Mob Work: Anarchists in Grand Rapids, Vol. 2 (Grand Rapids, MI: Sprout Distro, 2014), p. 19-21
References