In Annunciation Style dating, the year begins on March 25. Until 1752, March 25 was the official date of the beginning of the year in England and its dominions.
Events Pre-1600 410 – The Southern Yan capital of Guanggu falls to the Jin dynasty general Liu Yu, ending the Southern Yan dynasty. 421 – Italian city Venice is founded with the dedication of the first church, that of San Giacomo di Rialto on the islet of Rialto. 708 – Election of Pope Constantine following the death of Pope Sisinnius. He would be the last pope to visit Constantinople until 1967. 717 – Theodosius III resigns the throne to the Byzantine Empire to enter a monastery, allowing Leo III to take the throne and begin the Isaurian dynasty. 919 – Romanos Lekapenos seizes the Boukoleon Palace in Constantinople and becomes regent of the Byzantine emperor Constantine VII. 1000 – Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah assassinates the eunuch chief minister Barjawan and assumes control of the government. 1065 – The Great German Pilgrimage is attacked on Good Friday by Beduin bandits, suffering heavy losses. 1221 – Coronation of Robert of Courtenay as Emperor of the Latin Empire. 1306 – Robert the Bruce becomes King of Scots (Scotland). 1409 – The Council of Pisa convenes, in an attempt to heal the Western Schism. 1410 – The Yongle Emperor of Ming China launches the first of his military campaigns against the Mongols, resulting in the fall of the Mongol khan Bunyashiri. 1519 – Hernán Cortés, entering province of Tabasco, defeats Tabascan Indians. 1576 – Jerome Savage takes out a sub-lease to start the Newington Butts Theatre outside London. 1584 – Sir Walter Raleigh is granted a patent to colonize Virginia.
1601–1900 1655 – Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is discovered by Christiaan Huygens. 1708 – A French fleet anchors nears Fife Ness as part of the planned French invasion of Britain. 1725 – Bach's chorale cantata "Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern, BWV 1", is first performed on the Feast of the Annunciation, coinciding with Palm Sunday. 1770 – Daskalogiannis leads the people of Sfakia in the first Greek uprising against the Ottoman rule 1776 – American Revolutionary War: American Patriots conduct a Raid on Tybee Island, primarily seeking to capture runaway slaves who sought refuge with British forces stationed there. 1802 – The Treaty of Amiens is signed as a "Definitive Treaty of Peace" between France and the United Kingdom. 1807 – The Swansea and Mumbles Railway, then known as the Oystermouth Railway, becomes the first passenger-carrying railway in the world. 1811 – Percy Bysshe Shelley is expelled from the University of Oxford for publishing the pamphlet The Necessity of Atheism. 1821 – Greek War of Independence: Traditional date of the start of the Greek War of Independence. The war had actually begun on 23 February 1821 (Julian calendar). 1845 – New Zealand Legislative Council pass the first Militia Act constituting the New Zealand Army. 1865 – American Civil War: In Virginia during the Siege of Petersburg, Confederate forces temporarily capture Fort Stedman from the Union before being repulsed. 1878 – Last issue of the Bulletin de la Fédération jurassienne, the first or one of the first anarchist newspapers. 1894 – Coxey's Army, the first significant American protest march, departs Massillon, Ohio for Washington, D.C.
1901–present 1905 – The Greek football club P.A.E. G.S. Diagoras is founded in the city of Rhodes. 1911 – In New York City, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire kills 146 garment workers. 1911 – Andrey Yushchinsky is murdered in Kiev, leading to the Beilis affair. 1914 – The Greek multi-sport club Aris Thessaloniki is founded in Thessaloniki. 1917 – The Georgian Orthodox Church restores its autocephaly abolished by Imperial Russia in 1811. 1918 – The Belarusian People's Republic is established. 1919 – The Tetiev pogrom occurs in Ukraine, becoming the prototype of mass murder during the Holocaust.M. I. Midlarsky. The killing trap: genocide in the seventeenth century. Cambridge University Press. 2005. p. 46. 1924 – On the anniversary of Greek Independence, Alexandros Papanastasiou proclaims the Second Hellenic Republic. 1931 – The Scottsboro Boys are arrested in Alabama and charged with rape. 1932 – The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is unveiled in Athens. 1941 – The Kingdom of Yugoslavia joins the Axis powers with the signing of the Tripartite Pact. 1947 – An explosion in a coal mine in Centralia, Illinois kills 111. 1948 – The first successful tornado forecast predicts that a tornado will strike Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma. 1949 – More than 92,000 kulaks are suddenly deported from the Baltic states to Siberia. 1957 – United States Customs seizes copies of Allen Ginsberg's poem "Howl" on obscenity grounds. 1957 – The European Economic Community is established with West Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg as the first members. 1959 – Chain Island is sold by the State of California to Russell Gallaway III, a Sacramento businessman who plans to use it as a "hunting and fishing retreat", for $5,258.20 ($ in ). 1965 – Civil rights activists led by Martin Luther King Jr. successfully complete their four-day march from Selma to the capitol in Montgomery, Alabama. 1971 – The Army of the Republic of Vietnam abandon an attempt to cut off the Ho Chi Minh trail in Laos. 1975 – Faisal of Saudi Arabia is shot and killed by his nephew. 1979 – The first fully functional Space Shuttle orbiter, Columbia, is delivered to the John F. Kennedy Space Center to be prepared for its first launch. 1988 – The Candle demonstration in Bratislava is the first mass demonstration of the 1980s against the communist regime in Czechoslovakia. 1995 – WikiWikiWeb, the world's first wiki, and part of the Portland Pattern Repository, is made public by Ward Cunningham. 1996 – The European Union's Veterinarian Committee bans the export of British beef and its by-products as a result of mad cow disease (Bovine spongiform encephalopathy). 2006 – Capitol Hill massacre: A gunman kills six people before taking his own life at a party in Seattle's Capitol Hill neighborhood. 2006 – Protesters demanding a new election in Belarus, following the rigged 2006 Belarusian presidential election, clash with riot police. Opposition leader Aleksander Kozulin is among several protesters arrested. 2018 – Syrian civil war: Following the completion of the Afrin offensive, the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) initiate an insurgency against the Turkish occupation of the Afrin District.
Births Pre-1600 1252 – Conradin, Duke of Swabia (died 1268) 1259 – Andronikos II Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (died 1332) 1297 – Andronikos III Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (died 1341) 1297 – Arnošt of Pardubice, the first Bohemian archbishop (died 1364) 1345 – Blanche of Lancaster (died 1369) 1347 – Catherine of Siena, Italian philosopher, theologian, and saint (died 1380) 1404 – John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset, English military leader (died 1444) 1414 – Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron de Clifford, English noble (died 1455) 1434 – Eustochia Smeralda Calafato, Italian saint (died 1485) 1479 – Vasili III of Russia (died 1533) 1491 – Marie d'Albret, Countess of Rethel (died 1549) 1510 – Guillaume Postel, French linguist (died 1581) 1538 – Christopher Clavius, German mathematician and astronomer (died 1612) 1541 – Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (died 1587) 1545 – John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (died 1622) 1546 – Giacomo Castelvetro, Italian writer (died 1616) 1593 – Jean de Brébeuf, French-Canadian missionary and saint (died 1649)
1601–1900 1611 – Evliya Çelebi, Ottoman Turk traveller and writer (died 1682) 1636 – Henric Piccardt, Dutch lawyer (died 1712) 1643 – Louis Moréri, French priest and scholar (died 1680) 1661 – Paul de Rapin, French soldier and historian (died 1725) 1699 – Johann Adolph Hasse, German singer and composer (died 1783) 1741 – Jean-Antoine Houdon, French sculptor and educator (died 1828) 1745 – John Barry, Irish-American naval officer and father of the American navy (died 1803) 1767 – Joachim Murat, French general (died 1815) 1782 – Caroline Bonaparte, French daughter of Carlo Buonaparte (died 1839) 1800 – Ernst Heinrich Karl von Dechen, German geologist and academic (died 1889) 1808 – José de Espronceda, Spanish poet and author (died 1842) 1824 – Clinton L. Merriam, American banker and politician (died 1900) 1828 – George Montgomery White, American politician (died 1860) 1840 – Myles Keogh, Irish-American colonel (died 1876) 1859 – Hendrik Wortman, Dutch civil engineer (died 1939) 1863 – Simon Flexner, American physician and academic (died 1946) 1867 – Gutzon Borglum, American sculptor, designed Mount Rushmore (died 1941) 1867 – Arturo Toscanini, Italian-American cellist and conductor (died 1957) 1868 – Bill Lockwood, English cricketer (died 1932) 1871 – Louis Perrée, French fencer (died 1924) 1872 – Horatio Nelson Jackson, American race car driver and physician (died 1955) 1873 – Rudolf Rocker, German-American author and activist (died 1958) 1874 – Selim Sırrı Tarcan, Turkish educator and politician (died 1957) 1876 – Irving Baxter, American high jumper and pole vaulter (died 1957) 1877 – Walter Little, Canadian politician (died 1961) 1878 – František Janda-Suk, Czech discus thrower and shot putter (died 1955) 1879 – Amedee Reyburn, American swimmer and water polo player (died 1920) 1881 – Béla Bartók, Hungarian pianist and composer (died 1945) 1881 – Patrick Henry Bruce, American painter and educator (died 1936) 1881 – Mary Webb, English author and poet (died 1927) 1893 – Johannes Villemson, Estonian runner (died 1971) 1895 – Siegfried Handloser, German general and physician (died 1954) 1885 – Jimmy Seed, English international footballer and manager (died 1966) 1897 – Leslie Averill, New Zealand doctor and soldier (died 1981) 1899 – François Rozet, French-Canadian actor (died 1994) 1900 – George Carstairs, Australian rugby league player (died 1966)
1901–present 1901 – Ed Begley, American actor (died 1970) 1903 – Binnie Barnes, English-American actress (died 1998) 1903 – Frankie Carle, American pianist and bandleader (died 2001) 1903 – Nahum Norbert Glatzer, Ukrainian-American theologian and scholar (died 1990) 1904 – Pete Johnson, American boogie-woogie and jazz pianist (died 1967) 1905 – Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim, German colonel (died 1944) 1906 – Jean Sablon, French singer and actor (died 1994) 1906 – A. J. P. Taylor, English historian and academic (died 1990) 1908 – David Lean, English director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1991) 1910 – Magda Olivero, Italian soprano (died 2014) 1910 – Benzion Netanyahu, Polish-Israeli historian and academic (died 2012) 1912 – Melita Norwood, English civil servant and spy (died 2005) 1912 – Jean Vilar, French actor and director (died 1971) 1913 – Reo Stakis, Cypriot-Scottish businessman, founded Stakis Hotels (died 2001) 1914 – Norman Borlaug, American agronomist and humanitarian, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2009) 1914 – Tassos, Greek engraver, etcher and sculptor (died 1985) 1915 – Dorothy Squires, Welsh singer (died 1998) 1916 – S. M. Pandit, Indian painter and educator (died 1993) 1918 – Howard Cosell, American soldier, journalist, and author (died 1995) 1920 – Paul Scott, English author, poet, and playwright (died 1978) 1920 – Patrick Troughton, English actor (died 1987) 1920 – Usha Mehta, Gandhian and freedom fighter of India (died 2000) 1921 – Nancy Kelly, American actress (died 1995) 1921 – Simone Signoret, French actress (died 1985) 1921 – Alexandra of Yugoslavia, the last Queen of Yugoslavia (died 1993) 1922 – Eileen Ford, American businesswoman, co-founded Ford Models (died 2014) 1923 – Bonnie Guitar, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2019) 1923 – Wim van Est, Dutch cyclist (died 2003) 1924 – Roberts Blossom, American actor (died 2011) 1924 – Machiko Kyō, Japanese actress (died 2019)