Frederic Wood Jones FRS (January 23, 1879 – September 29, 1954), usually referred to as Wood Jones, was a British observational naturalist, embryologist, anatomist and anthropologist, who spent considerable time in Australia.Christophers, Barry E. (Compiler). (1974). A List of the Published Works of Frederic Wood Jones, 1879–1954. Greensborough Press: MelbournePhotograph from University of Adelaide Library website MacCallum, Monica: Jones, Frederic Wood (1879–1954), Australian Dictionary of Biography Accessed 27 October 2011.
Biography Jones was born in London, England, and wrote extensively on early humans, including their arboreal adaptations (Arboreal Man), and was one of the founding fathers of the field of modern physical anthropology. A friend of Le Gros Clark, Wood Jones was also known for his controversial belief in the view that acquired traits could be inherited, and thus his opposition to Darwinism. He taught anatomy and physical anthropology at London School of Medicine for Women, University of Adelaide, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, University of Melbourne, University of Manchester and the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
Jones was elected a Fellow of the Zoological Society of London (FZS) in 1903. He was president of the Royal Society of South Australia in 1927, and was awarded the RM Johnston Memorial Medal by The Royal Society of Tasmania in 1925, the Mueller Medal by the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science in 1926, archive.is Retrieved 12 February 2025. and the Clarke Medal by the Royal Society of New South Wales in 1941. He was elected President of the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland for 1943 to 1945.
In 1910 in London, he married Gertrude Clunies-Ross, the fourth daughter of George Clunies-Ross. She was subsequently a Fellow of the Zoological Society of London and only the second woman to be the society's librarian.
Tarsian hypothesis
Jones favoured a long separate, non-anthropoid ancestry for humans. He believed that science should search as far back as the primitive tarsioid stock to find a sufficiently generalised form that would be the common ancestor of man, monkeys and the anthropoid apes. The tarsian hypothesis of Jones, which he held to from 1918Wood Jones proposed the Tarsian hypothesis on the 27th Feb. 1918 at a lecture entitled "The Origin of Man" at King's College, London, later published in Animal life and human progress (1919). ed. A. Dendy, Constable, London. Wood Jones followed with the booklet The Problem of Man's Ancestry (1919) discussing his theory the same year, followed by three other books defending the theory: The Ancestry Of Man (1923), Man's Place Among the Mammals (1929) and Hallmarks of Mankind (1948). until his death, claimed that the human line of development did not diverge from that of apes or monkeys but from much earlier, before the Oligocene 30 million years ago, from a common ancestor with a primitive primate group of which the only other survivor is the Tarsier. Wood Jones in his The Ancestry Of Man (1923) described his Tarsian hypothesis as follows:
Wood Jones explained common structural features between Man and the apes (and monkeys) through convergent evolution. In 1948 he wrote:
Philosophy Jones rejected organised religion and idea of an anthropomorphic deity. He believed there was a cosmic mind behind nature. He defended the holistic philosophy of Jan Smuts and was a strong critic of Darwinism. His philosophical views are discussed in his book Design and Purpose (1942).Bowler, Peter J. (2001). Reconciling Science and Religion: The Debate in Early-Twentieth-Century Britain. University of Chicago Press. p. 146MacCallum, Monica. (1983). "Jones, Frederic Wood (1879–1954)". Australian Dictionary of Biography.
Publications
As well as numerous scientific papers, books he authored, coauthored and edited include:
1912: Coral and Atolls: A History and Description of the Keeling-Cocos Islands, with an account of their Fauna and Flora, and a Discussion of the Method of Development and Transformation of Coral Structures in General, Lovell, Reeve & Co Ltd: London. 1916: Arboreal Man, Edward Arnold: London. 1918: The Problem of Man's Ancestry, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 1920: The Principles of Anatomy as Seen in the Hand, J. & A. Churchill: London. 1923: Douglas Price Memorial Lecture, No.3: The Ancestry Of Man, R G. Gilles & Co.: Brisbane. 1923: The Position of Anatomy in the Modern Medical Curriculum and the Conception of Cytoclesis, Hassell Press: Adelaide. 1923: Unscientific Essays, Edward Arnold & Co: London. 1923: Handbooks of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia: The Mammals of South Australia. Part I: The Monotremes and the Carnivorous Marsupials, Government Printer: Adelaide. 1924: Handbooks of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia: The Mammals of South Australia. Part II: The Bandicoots and the Herbivorous Marsupials, Government Printer: Adelaide. 1925: Handbooks of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia: The Mammals of South Australia. Part III: The Monodelphia, Government Printer: Adelaide. 1929: Man's Place Among the Mammals. Edward Arnold: London. 1934: Sea Birds Simplified, Edward Arnold & Co.: London. 1934, Unscientific Excursions, Edward Arnold & Co: London. 1939: Life and Living, Kegan Paul: London. 1942: Design and Purpose, Kegan Paul: London. 1943: Habitat and Heritage, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner: London. 1946: Structure and Function as Seen in the Foot, Bailliere Tindall and Cox: London. 1946: The Principles of Anatomy as Seen in the Hand, Bailliere Tindall and Cox: London. 1948: Hallmarks of Mankind, Bailliere Tindall and Cox: London. 1953, Trends of Life, Edward Arnold: London. 1946: Jones, Frederic Wood (ed.), Buchanan's Manual of Anatomy. Bailliere Tindall and Cox: London. 1929: Jones, Frederic Wood & Porteus, Stanley D., The Matrix of the Mind, Edward Arnold & Co.: London.
See also The Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science
References