Octopus (genus)

Octopus is the largest genus of octopuses, comprising about 100 species. These species are widespread throughout the world's oceans. Many species formerly placed in the genus Octopus are now assigned to other genera within the family.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2015). Octopus Cuvier, 1798. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138268 on 2015-02-01

Species Octopus alecto Berry, 1953 Octopus argus Krauss, 1848 Octopus australis Hoyle, 1885 – hammer octopus Octopus balboai Voss, 1971 Octopus berenice Gray, 1849 Octopus berrima Stanks & Norman, 1992 – southern keeled octopus Octopus bimaculatus Verrill, 1883 – California two-spot octopus or Verrill's two-spot octopus Octopus bimaculoides Pickford & McConnaughey, 1949 – California two-spot octopus Octopus bocki Adam, 1941 – Bock's pygmy octopus Octopus briareus Robson, 1929 – Caribbean reef octopus Octopus bulbus Norman, 2001 Octopus californicus Berry, 1911 – North Pacific bigeye octopus Octopus chierchiae Jatta, 1889 – lesser Pacific striped octopus Octopus conispadiceus Sasaki, 1917 – chestnut octopus Octopus cyanea Gray, 1849 – big blue octopus or day octopus Octopus diminutus Kaneko & Kubodera, 2008Kaneko, N. & Kubodera, T. (2008). "Two new species of pygmy octopuses (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) from deep water off the Ryukyu Archipelago, southern Japan." Molluscan Research 28(3): 145–157. Octopus djinda Amor, 2021 Octopus favonius Gray, 1849 Octopus filosus Howell, 1867 Octopus fitchi Berry, 1953 – Fitch's pygmy octopus Octopus gardineri Hoyle, 1905 Octopus gorgonus Huffard, 2007Huffard, C.L. (2007). Four new species of shallow water pygmy octopus (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) from the Kingdom of Tonga. Molluscan Research 27(3): 147–170. Octopus harpedon Norman, 2001 Octopus hattai Sasaki, 1929 Octopus hawaiiensis Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852 - Hawaiian octopus Octopus hubbsorum Berry, 1953 – Hubb's octopus Octopus humilis Huffard, 2007 Octopus hummelincki Adam, 1936 – bumblebee two-spot octopus or Caribbean two-spot octopusOctopus hummelincki Adam, 1936 (Mollusca, Cephalopoda): specific name conserved Octopus huttoni Benham, 1943 Octopus incella Kaneko & Kubodera, 2007 Octopus insularis Leite & Haimovici, 2008 Octopus jeraldi Pratt, Baldwin & Vecchione, 2020 Octopus joubini Robson, 1929 - Atlantic pygmy octopus or small-egg Caribbean pygmy octopus Octopus kaharoa O'Shea, 1999 Octopus kaurna Stranks, 1990 – southern sand octopus Octopus laqueus Kaneko & Kubodera, 2005 Octopus mariles Huffard, 2007 Octopus maya Voss & Solís, 1966 – Mexican four-eyed octopus Octopus mercatoris Adam, 1937 - Caribbean dwarf octopus Octopus mernoo O'Shea, 1999 Octopus microphthalmus Goodrich, 1896 Octopus micropyrsus Berry, 1953 – California Lilliput octopus Octopus micros Norman, 2001 Octopus mimus Gould, 1852 - Gould octopus Octopus mutilans Taki, 1942 Octopus nanus Adam, 1973 Octopus occidentalis Steenstrup in Hoyle, 1885 Octopus oculifer Hoyle, 1904 – Galapagos reef octopus Octopus oliveri Berry, 1914 Octopus pallidus Hoyle, 1885 – pale octopus Octopus parvus Sasaki, 1917 – Japanese pygmy octopus Octopus penicillifer Berry, 1954 Octopus pentherinus Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889 (nomen dubium) Octopus pumilus Norman & Sweeney, 1997 Octopus pyrum Norman, Hochberg & Lu, 1997 Octopus rubescens Berry, 1953 – East Pacific red octopus Octopus salutii Vérany, 1836 – spider octopus Octopus sanctaehelenae Robson, 1929 Octopus selene Voss, 1971 – moon octopus Octopus sinensis d'Orbigny, 1841 - East Asian Common octopus Octopus stictochrus Voss, 1971 Octopus superciliosus Quoy & Gaimard, 1832frilled pygmy octopus Octopus tehuelchus d'Orbigny, 1834 – Tehuelche or Patagonian octopus Octopus tenebricus Smith, 1884 Octopus tetricus Gould, 1852 – gloomy octopus or common Sydney octopus Octopus veligero Berry, 1953 – veiled octopus Octopus verrucosus Hoyle, 1885 Octopus vitiensis Hoyle, 1885 – bighead octopus Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 – common octopus Octopus warringa Stranks, 1990 – club pygmy octopus Octopus wolfi Wülker, 1913 – star-sucker pygmy octopus Octopus zonatus Voss, 1968 – Atlantic banded octopus

The following species are species inquirenda; species needing further investigation and redescription to determine whether they belong within this genus. The species listed with an asterisk (*) are questionable and need further study to determine if they are valid species or synonyms;Sweeney, M.J. (2001). – updated May 4, 2001. 59 pp.

Octopus alatus Sasaki, 1920 Octopus araneoides * Iw. Taki, 1964 Octopus arborescens Hoyle, 1904 Octopus filamentosus Blainville, 1826 Octopus fujitai Sasaki, 1929 Octopus globosus Appellöf, 1886 – globe octopus Octopus hongkongensis Hoyle, 1885 Octopus longispadiceus Sasaki, 1917 Octopus minor Sasaki, 1920 Octopus nanhaiensis Dong, 1976 Octopus niveus Lesson, 1831 Octopus ochotensis Sasaki, 1920 Octopus oshimai Sasaki, 1929 Octopus prashadi Adam, 1939 Octopus pricei * Berry, 1913 Octopus sasakii Taki, 1942 Octopus spinosus Sasaki, 1920 Octopus tsugarensis Sasaki, 1920 Octopus validus Sasaki, 1920 Octopus yendoi Sasaki, 1920

Species brought into synonymy

Octopus abaculus Norman & Sweeney, 1997: synonym of Abdopus abaculus (Norman & Sweeney, 1997) Octopus aculeatus d'Orbigny, 1834: synonym of Abdopus aculeatus (d'Orbigny, 1834) Octopus adamsi Benham, 1944 : synonym of Octopus huttoni Benham, 1943 Octopus aegina Gray, 1849: synonym of Amphioctopus aegina (Gray, 1849) Octopus albus Rafinesque, 1814: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 Octopus alderii Vérany, 1851: synonym of Pinnoctopus macropus (Risso, 1826) Octopus alpheus, Capricorn night octopus: synonym of Pinnoctopus alpheus (Norman, 1993) Octopus alpheus Norman, 1993: synonym of Oinnoctopus alpheus (Norman, 1993) Octopus americanus Froriep, 1806: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 Octopus apollyon (S. S. Berry, 1912): synonym of Enteroctopus dofleini (Wülker, 1910) Octopus arcticus Prosch, 1849: synonym of Bathypolypus arcticus (Prosch, 1849) Octopus areolatus de Haan, 1839: synonym of Amphioctopus fangsiao (d'Orbigny, 1839) Octopus aspilosomatis Norman, 1993, plain-body night octopus: synonym of Pinnoctopus aspilosomatis (Norman, 1993) Octopus bairdii Verrill, 1873: synonym of Bathypolypus bairdii (Verrill, 1873) Octopus bakerii d'Orbigny, 1826: synonym of Octopus americanus Montfort, 1802: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 Octopus bermudensis Hoyle, 1885: synonym of Callistoctopus furvus (Gould, 1852) Octopus bitentaculatus Risso, 1854: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 Octopus brevitentaculatus Blainville, 1826: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 Octopus brocki Ortmann, 1888: synonym of Amphioctopus fangsiao (d'Orbigny, 1839) Octopus bunurong Stranks, 1990: synonym of Callistoctopus bunurong (Stranks, 1990) – southern white-spot octopus Octopus burryi Voss, 1950: synonym of Amphioctopus burryi (Voss, 1950) Octopus carolinensis Verrill, 1884: synonym of Amphioctopus carolinensis (Verrill, 1884), Carolinian octopus Octopus cassiopea Gray, 1849: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 Octopus cassiopeia Gray, 1849 (incorrect subsequent spelling of specific epithet): synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 Octopus catenulatus Philippi, 1844: synonym of Ocythoe tuberculata Rafinesque, 1814 Octopus chromatus Heilprin, 1888: synonym of Callistoctopus furvus (Gould, 1852) Octopus cirrhosus Lamarck, 1798: synonym of Eledone cirrhosa (Lamarck, 1798) Octopus cocco Risso, 1854: synonym of Scaeurgus unicirrhus (Delle Chiaje [in de Férussac & d'Orbigny], 1841) Octopus cocco Vérany, 1846: synonym of Pteroctopus tetracirrhus (Delle Chiaje, 1830) Octopus coerulescentes Fra Piero, 1895: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 Octopus communis Park, 1885: synonym of Macroctopus maorum (Hutton, 1880) Octopus cuvieri d'Orbigny, 1826: synonym of Callistoctopus lechenaultii (d'Orbigny, 1826) Octopus dana Robson, 1929: synonym of Macrotritopus defilippi (Vérany, 1851) Octopus defilippi Vérany, 1851: synonym of Macrotritopus defilippi (Vérany, 1851) Atlantic longarm octopus or Lilliput longarm octopus Octopus didynamus Rafinesque, 1814: synonym of Pinnoctopus macropus (Risso, 1826) Octopus dierythraeus Norman, 1992: synonym of Pinnoctopus dierythraeus (Norman, 1992) – red-spot night octopus Octopus digueti Perrier & Rochebrune, 1894: synonym of Paroctopus digueti (Perrier & Rochebrune, 1894) – Diguet's pygmy octopus Octopus dofleini (Wülker, 1910): synonym of Enteroctopus dofleini (Wülker, 1910) Octopus dollfusi Robson, 1928: synonym of Amphioctopus aegina (Gray, 1849) Octopus duplex Hoyle, 1885: synonym of Octopus superciliosus Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 Octopus equivocus Robson, 1929: synonym of Macrotritopus defilippi (Vérany, 1851) Octopus ergasticus P. Fischer & H. Fischer, 1892: synonym of Bathypolypus ergasticus (P. Fischer & H. Fischer, 1892) Octopus eudora Gray, 1849: synonym of Octopus americanus Montfort, 1802: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 Octopus exannulatus Norman, 1992: synonym of Amphioctopus exannulatus (Norman, 1992) Octopus fangsiao d'Orbigny, 1839: synonym of Amphioctopus fangsiao (d'Orbigny, 1839) Octopus fasciatus Hoyle, 1886: synonym of Hapalochlaena fasciata (Hoyle, 1886) Octopus fimbriatus d'Orbigny, 1841: synonym of Abdopus horridus (d'Orbigny, 1826) Octopus flindersi Cotton, 1932: synonym of Macroctopus maorum (Hutton, 1880) Octopus fontanianus d'Orbigny, 1834: synonym of Robsonella fontaniana (d'Orbigny, 1834) Octopus frayedus Rafinesque, 1814: synonym of Pinnoctopus macropus (Risso, 1826) Octopus furvus Gould, 1852: synonym of Callistoctopus furvus (Gould, 1852) Octopus geryonea Gray, 1849: synonym of Octopus americanus Montfort, 1802: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 Octopus gibbsi O'Shea, 1999: synonym of Octopus tetricus Gould, 1852 Octopus gilbertianus Berry, 1912: synonym of Enteroctopus dofleini (Wülker, 1910) Octopus glaber Wülker, 1920: synonym of Octopus cyanea Gray, 1849 Octopus gracilis Verrill, 1884: synonym of Macrotritopus equivocus (Robson, 1929) Octopus gracilis Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852: synonym of Tremoctopus gracilis (Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852) Octopus granosus Blainville, 1826: synonym of Pinnoctopus macropus (Risso, 1826) Octopus granulatus Lamarck, 1799: synonym of Amphioctopus granulatus (Lamarck, 1799) Octopus graptus Norman, 1992: synonym of Pinnoctopus graptus (Norman, 1992) – scribbled night octopus Octopus groenlandicus Steenstrup, 1856: synonym of Bathypolypus arcticus (Prosch, 1849) Octopus guangdongensis Dong, 1976: synonym of Abdopus guangdongensis (Dong, 1976) Octopus hardwickei Gray, 1849: synonym of Amphioctopus aegina (Gray, 1849) Octopus harmandi Rochebrune, 1882: synonym of Abdopus aculeatus (d'Orbigny, 1834) Octopus herdmani Hoyle, 1904: synonym of Octopus cyanea Gray, 1849 Octopus heteropus Rafinesque, 1814: synonym of Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 Octopus horridus d'Orbigny, 1826: synonym of Abdopus horridus (d'Orbigny, 1826) Octopus horsti Joubin, 1898: synonym of Octopus cyanea Gray, 1849 Octopus hoylei (S. S. Berry, 1909): synonym of Pteroctopus hoylei (S. S. Berry, 1909) Octopus indicus Rapp, 1835: synonym of Cistopus indicus (Rapp, 1835) Octopus januarii Hoyle, 1885: synonym of Muusoctopus januarii (Hoyle, 1885) Octopus kagoshimensis Ortmann, 1888: synonym of Amphioctopus kagoshimensis (Ortmann, 1888) Octopus kempi Robson, 1929: synonym of Macrotritopus defilippi (Vérany, 1851) Octopus kermadecensis (Berry, 1914): synonym of Pinnoctopus kermadecensis (Berry, 1914) Octopus koellikeri Vérany, 1851: synonym of Tremoctopus violaceus delle Chiaje, 1830 Octopus lechenaultii d'Orbigny, 1826: synonym of Callistoctopus lechenaultii (d'Orbigny, 1826) Octopus leioderma (Berry, 1911): synonym of Benthoctopus leioderma (Berry, 1911) Octopus lentus Verrill, 1880: synonym of Bathypolypus bairdii (Verrill, 1873)