Saccharum is a genus of tall perennial plants of the broomsedge tribe within the grass family.Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 54 in Latin
The genus is widespread across tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions in Africa, Eurasia, Australia, the Americas, and assorted oceanic islands. Several species are cultivated and naturalized in areas outside their native habitats.Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 576 甘蔗属 gan zhe shu Saccharum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 54. 1753. Flora of Pakistan, Saccharum Linn., Sp. Pl. 1: 54. 1753. Gen. Pl., ed. 5; 28.1754Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution mapsCatasus Guerra, L. 1997. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) de Cuba, I. Fontqueria 46: [i–ii], 1–259.Davidse, G. & R. W. Pohl. 1994. 146. Saccharum L. 6: 378–379. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.Phillips, S. 1995. Poaceae (Gramineae). Flora of Ethiopia 7: i–xx, 1–420.Welker, C. A. D. & H. M. Longhi-Wagner. 2012. The genera Eriochrysis P. Beauv., Imperata Cirillo and Saccharum L. (Poaceae - Andropogoneae - Saccharinae) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Botany 35(1): 87–105.
Saccharum includes the sugarcanes. They have stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are generally rich in sugar, and measure two to six m (6 to 19 ft) tall. All sugarcane species interbreed and the major commercial cultivars are complex hybrids.
Species , Plants of the World Online accepted the following species: Saccharum alopecuroidum (L.) Nutt. - southeastern USA Saccharum angustifolium (Nees) Trin. - South America Saccharum asperum (Nees) Steud. - South America Saccharum baldwinii Spreng. - southeastern USA Saccharum beccarii (Stapf) Cope - Sumatra Saccharum brevibarbe (Michx.) Pers. - southeastern USA Saccharum coarctatum (Fern.) R. Webster - southeastern USA Saccharum contortum (Baldwin ex Elliott) Nutt. - southeastern USA Saccharum fallax Balansa - China, Assam, southeast Asia Saccharum filifolium Steud. - Afghanistan, Himalayas Saccharum formosanum (Stapf) Ohwi - southern China Saccharum giganteum (Walt.) Pers. - southeastern USA, Cuba, Jamaica, Paraguay, Argentina Saccharum griffithii Munro ex Aitch. - from Yemen to Bangladesh Saccharum intermedium Welker & Peichoto Saccharum kajkaiense (Melderis) Melderis - Oman, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan Saccharum longesetosum (Andersson) V.Naray. ex Bor - China, Himalayas, Indochina Saccharum maximum (Brongn.) Trin. - Pacific Islands Saccharum narenga (Nees ex Steud.) Hack. - China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Ethiopia Saccharum officinarum L. - New Guinea; naturalized in many warm places Saccharum robustum Brandes & Jesw. ex Grassl - New Guinea Saccharum rufipilum Steud. - China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina Saccharum sikkimense (Hook.f.) V.Naray. ex Bor - eastern Himalayas Saccharum × sinense Roxb. – China Saccharum spontaneum L. - Asia, Africa, Sicily, Papuasia Saccharum stewartii Rajesw., R.R.Rao & Arti Garg - western Himalayas Saccharum velutinum (Holttum) Cope - Peninsular Malaysia Saccharum villosum Steud. - South America, Mesoamerica Saccharum wardii (Bor) Bor ex Cope - Assam, Bhutan, Myanmar Saccharum williamsii (Bor) Bor ex Cope - Nepal
Placed in Lasiorhachis by Plants of the World Online : Saccharum hildebrandtii (Hack.) Clayton → Lasiorhachis hildebrandtii Saccharum perrieri (A.Camus) Clayton. → Lasiorhachis perrieri Saccharum viguieri (A.Camus) Clayton → Lasiorhachis viguieri
Placed in Tripidium by Plants of the World Online : Saccharum arundinaceum Retz. - East + South + Southeast Asia; New Guinea → Tripidium arundinaceum Saccharum bengalense Retz. - India, Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan → Tripidium bengalense Saccharum kanashiroi (Ohwi) Ohwi - Ryukyu Islands → Tripidium kanashiroi Saccharum procerum Roxb. - China, Himalayas, Indochina → Tripidium procerum Saccharum ravennae (L.) L. - Europe, Asia, Africa → Tripidium ravennae Saccharum strictum (Host) Spreng. - from Italy to Iran → Tripidium strictum
Formerly included Numerous species are now considered better suited in other genera: Andropogon, Chloris, Digitaria, Eriochrysis, Eulalia, Gynerium, Hemarthria, Imperata, Lophopogon, Melinis, Miscanthus, Panicum, Pappophorum, Paspalum, Perotis, Pogonatherum, Pseudopogonatherum, Spodiopogon, and Tricholaena.
See also Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia
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