A total solar eclipse, dubbed the "Great American Eclipse" by some media,See, e.g., ; ; ; ; . occurred on Monday, August 21, 2017. It was visible within a band that spanned the contiguous United States from the Pacific to the Atlantic coasts. It was also visible as a partial solar eclipse from as far north as Nunavut in northern Canada to as far south as northern South America. In northwestern Europe and Africa, it was partially visible in the late evening. In northeastern Asia, it was partially visible at sunrise.
Prior to this event, no solar eclipse had been visible across the entirety of the United States since June 8, 1918; not since the February 1979 eclipse had a total eclipse been visible from anywhere in the contiguous United States. The path of totality touched 14 states, and the rest of the U.S. had a partial eclipse. The area of the path of totality was about 16 percent of the area of the United States, with most of this area over the ocean, not land. The event's shadow began to cover land on the Oregon coast as a partial eclipse at 4:05 p.m. UTC (9:05 a.m. PDT), with the total eclipse beginning there at 5:16 p.m. UTC (10:16 a.m. PDT); the total eclipse's land coverage ended along the South Carolina coast at about 6:44 p.m. UTC (2:44 p.m. EDT). Visibility as a partial eclipse in Honolulu, Hawaii began with sunrise at 4:20 p.m. UTC (6:20 a.m. HST) and ended by 5:25 p.m. UTC (7:25 a.m. HST).
This total solar eclipse marked the first such event in the smartphone and social media era in the United States. Information, personal communication, and photography were widely available as never before. The event was received with much enthusiasm across the nation; people gathered outside their homes to watch it, and many parties were set up in the path of the eclipse. Many people left their homes and traveled hundreds of miles just to get a glimpse of totality. Marriage proposals were timed to coincide with the eclipse, as was at least one wedding. Logistical problems arose with the influx of visitors, especially for smaller communities. The sale of counterfeit eclipse glasses was also anticipated to be a hazard for eye injuries.
The next solar eclipse that crossed the United States occurred on October 14, 2023 (annular eclipse), and the next total solar eclipse on April 8, 2024 (15 states). Future solar eclipses that will be visible from the United States will occur on March 30, 2033, which will pass over Alaska. The next total eclipses in the contiguous United States will be on August 23, 2044 (3 states) and on August 12, 2045 (13 states) (Saros 136, Descending Node). Annular solar eclipses—wherein the Moon appears smaller than the Sun—occurred on October 14, 2023 (9 states) and will occur on June 11, 2048 (10 states) (Saros 128, Descending Node).
Visibility
The total eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit and had a magnitude of 1.0306. Occurring about 3.2 days after perigee (on August 18, 2017, at 14:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger during this eclipse. It was visible within a narrow corridor wide, crossing 14 of the contiguous United States: Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. It was first seen from land in the U.S. shortly after 10:15 am PDT (17:15 UTC) at Oregon's Pacific coast, and then it progressed eastward through Salem, Oregon; Idaho Falls, Idaho; Casper, Wyoming; Lincoln, Nebraska; Kansas City, Missouri; St. Louis, Missouri; Hopkinsville, Kentucky; and Nashville, Tennessee; before reaching Columbia, South Carolina about 2:41 pm; and finally Charleston, South Carolina. A partial eclipse was seen for a greater time period, beginning shortly after 9:00 am PDT along the Pacific Coast of Oregon. Weather forecasts predicted clear skies in Western U.S. and some Eastern states, but clouds in the Midwest and East Coast.
The longest ground duration of totality was 2 minutes 41.6 seconds at about in Giant City State Park, just south of Carbondale, Illinois, and the greatest extent (width) was at near the village of Cerulean, Kentucky, located in between Hopkinsville and Princeton. This was the first total solar eclipse visible from the Southeastern United States since the solar eclipse of March 7, 1970. Two NASA WB-57Fs flew above the clouds, prolonging the observation time spent in the umbra. A partial solar eclipse was seen from the much broader path of the Moon's penumbra, including all of North America, particularly areas just south of the totality pass, where the eclipse lasted about 3–5 hours, Hawaii, Central America, the Caribbean, northern South America, Western Europe, and some of West Africa and Northeast Asia.
At one location in Wyoming, a small group of astronomers used telescopic lenses to photograph the Sun as it was in partial eclipse, while the International Space Station was also seen to briefly transit the Sun. Similar images were captured by NASA from a location in Washington. (See Gallery – partial eclipse section).
Other celestial bodies During the eclipse for a long span of its path of totality, several bright stars and four planets were visible. The star system Regulus was almost in conjunction with the Sun. Mars was 8° to the right, and Venus 34° right. Mercury was 10° left, and Jupiter 51° left.
Other eclipses over the United States
This was the first total solar eclipse visible from the United States since that of July 11, 1991"The Great Baja Eclipse", Discover January 1991. p. 90.—which was seen only from part of Hawaii—and the first visible from the contiguous United States since 1979. An eclipse of comparable length (up to 3 minutes, 8 seconds, with the longest eclipse being 6 minutes and 54 seconds) occurred over the contiguous United States on March 7, 1970 along the southern portions of the Eastern Seaboard, from Florida to Virginia.
The path of totality of the solar eclipse of February 26, 1979 crossed only the states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, and North Dakota. Many enthusiasts traveled to the Pacific Northwest to view the eclipse, since it would be the last chance to view such an eclipse in the contiguous United States for almost four decades."Thousands Go West for a Total Solar Eclipse Tomorrow; Data May Aid Energy Research Partial Eclipse for New York Best Types of Film Image of Sun on Screen", The New York Times February 25, 1979. p. 26.
The August 2017 eclipse was the first with a path of totality crossing the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the U.S. since the solar eclipse of 1918. Also, its path of totality made landfall exclusively within the United States, making it the first such eclipse since the country's declaration of independence in 1776. Prior to this, the path of totality of the eclipse of June 13, 1257, was the last to make landfall exclusively on lands currently part of the United States.
The path of the solar eclipse of April 8, 2024 crossed the path of the August 2017 eclipse, with the intersection occurring in southern Illinois in Makanda Township at Cedar Lake, just south of Carbondale. An area of about , including the cities of Makanda, Carbondale, Cape Girardeau, Missouri, and Paducah, Kentucky, thus experienced two total solar eclipses within a span of less than seven years. This occurrence is considered to be unusual, since the average interval for any given spot on Earth observing a total solar eclipse is about once every 375 years.
The solar eclipse of August 12, 2045, will have a very similar path of totality over the U.S. to that of the 2017 eclipse: about 400 km (250 mi) to the southwest, also crossing the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the country; however, totality will be more than twice as long, and it will be seen in other countries besides the United States.
Eclipse timing Places experiencing total eclipse Solar Eclipse of August 21, 2017(Local Times)U.S. stateCity or placeStart of partial eclipseStart of total eclipseMaximum eclipseEnd of total eclipseEnd of partial eclipseDuration of totality (min:s)Duration of eclipse (hr:min)Maximum magnitude Oregon Salem 09:05:14 10:17:09 10:18:07 10:19:04 11:37:40 1:55 2:32 1.0097 Oregon Ontario 10:09:55 11:25:22 11:26:04 11:26:47 12:48:27 1:25 2:39 1.0037 Wyoming Jackson 10:16:32 11:34:44 11:35:51 11:36:59 13:00:19 2:15 2:44 1.0109 Nebraska Harrison 10:25:34 11:47:21 11:48:11 11:49:01 13:14:02 1:40 2:48 1.0042 Nebraska Scottsbluff 10:25:37 11:48:00 11:48:50 11:49:40 13:15:16 1:40 2:50 1.004 Nebraska North Platte 11:30:04 12:53:51 12:54:45 12:55:38 14:21:37 1:47 2:52 1.0044 Nebraska Kearney 11:32:50 12:57:23 12:58:19 12:59:16 14:25:21 1:53 2:53 1.005 Nebraska Fairbury 11:36:10 13:01:32 13:02:31 13:03:30 14:29:37 1:58 2:53 1.0054 Nebraska Lincoln 11:37:04 13:02:20 13:03:05 13:03:50 14:29:40 1:30 2:53 1.003 Missouri St. Joseph 11:40:27 13:06:14 13:07:34 13:08:54 14:34:25 2:40 2:54 1.0153 Kansas Kansas City 11:40:59 13:08:28 13:08:35 13:08:42 14:35:45 0:14 2:55 1.0003 Missouri Kansas City 11:41:05 13:08:31 13:08:41 13:08:51 14:35:51 0:20 2:55 1.0004 Missouri Independence 11:41:24 13:08:29 13:09:02 13:09:36 14:36:10 1:07 2:55 1.0017 Missouri Columbia 11:45:27 13:12:10 13:13:29 13:14:48 14:40:05 2:38 2:55 1.0131 Missouri Jefferson City 11:45:53 13:12:56 13:14:10 13:15:25 14:40:56 2:29 2:55 1.0098 Illinois Carbondale 11:52:12 13:19:54 13:21:14 13:22:33 14:47:20 2:39 2:55 1.0135 Kentucky Paducah 11:53:50 13:22:05 13:23:16 13:24:26 14:49:24 2:21 2:56 1.0081 Tennessee Clarksville 11:56:48 13:25:23 13:26:32 13:27:40 14:52:21 2:17 2:56 1.0075 Kentucky Bowling Green 11:58:27 13:27:18 13:27:48 13:28:17 14:53:00 0:59 2:55 1.0014 Tennessee Nashville 11:58:18 13:27:16 13:28:13 13:29:10 14:53:54 1:54 2:56 1.0047 Tennessee Murfreesboro 11:59:21 13:29:01 13:29:25 13:29:49 14:55:02 0:48 2:56 1.001 Tennessee Cookeville 12:01:03 13:29:32 13:30:49 13:32:07 14:55:53 2:35 2:55 1.0118 Tennessee Cleveland 13:03:13 14:33:01 14:33:30 14:33:59 15:58:35 0:58 2:55 1.0013 North Carolina Brevard 13:07:53 14:37:05 14:37:41 14:38:18 16:01:37 1:13 2:54 1.0021 South Carolina Anderson 13:08:45 14:37:40 14:38:57 14:40:14 16:03:02 2:34 2:54 1.0118 South Carolina Taylors 13:09:09 14:38:07 14:39:00 14:39:54 16:02:47 1:47 2:54 1.0043 South Carolina Columbia 13:12:53 14:41:39 14:42:54 14:44:10 16:06:12 2:31 2:53 1.0117 South Carolina Kingstree 13:15:58 14:44:52 14:45:46 14:46:39 16:08:24 1:47 2:52 1.0046 South Carolina Summerville 13:15:54 14:45:07 14:46:08 14:47:09 16:09:07 2:02 2:53 1.0059 South Carolina Charleston 13:16:43 14:46:12 14:46:57 14:47:43 16:09:50 1:31 2:53 1.0032References:
Places experiencing partial eclipse