Corallorhiza trifida, commonly known as early coralroot, northern coralroot, or yellow coralroot, is a coralroot orchid native to North America and Eurasia, with a circumboreal distribution. The species has been reported from the United States, Canada, Russia, China, Japan, Korea, India, Nepal, Kashmir, Pakistan, and almost every country in Europe.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesGleason, H. A. & A.J. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.Böcher, T. W. 1978. Greenlands Flora 326 pp.Porsild, A. E. & W. Cody. 1980. Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Northwest Territories Canada i–viii, 1–607. National Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa.Tolmatchev, A. I. 1963. Arkticheskaia Flora SSSR 4: 1–96.Flora Italiana, Corallorhiza trifida Chatel.
Description Corallorhiza trifida is yellowish green in color, leafless, and partially myco-heterotrophic, deriving some, but not all of its nutrients from association with fungi of genus Tomentella.Zimmer, K., et al. (2008). New Phytologist 178:2 395-400. It also contains chlorophyll, with which it supplies some of its own carbon nutrition via autotrophy.
Taxonomy Corallorhiza trifida was scientifically named by Jean Jacques Châtelain in 1760. It is classified in the genus Corallorhiza as part of the Orchidaceae family. It has no accepted subspecies or varieties, but it has synonyms.
Table of Synonyms Name Year Rank Notes Corallorhiza anandae 1984 species = het. Corallorhiza corallorhiza 1886 species ≡ hom., not validly publ. Corallorhiza corallorhiza subsp. coloradensis 1916 subspecies = het., not validly publ. Corallorhiza dentata 1831 species = het. Corallorhiza ericetorum 1843 species = het. Corallorhiza halleri 1817 species = het. Corallorhiza innata 1813 species ≡ hom. Corallorhiza innata var. discolor 1830 variety = het. Corallorhiza innata subsp. ericetorum 1882 subspecies = het. Corallorhiza innata var. ericetorum 1851 variety = het. Corallorhiza innata var. virescens 1904 variety = het. Corallorhiza intacta 1828 species = het., orth. var. Corallorhiza integra 1760 species = het. Corallorhiza jacquemontii 1844 species = het. Corallorhiza nemoralis 1882 species = het., not validly publ. Corallorhiza neottia 1771 species = het. Corallorhiza occidentalis 1826 species = het. Corallorhiza trifida var. ericetorum 1851 variety = het. Corallorhiza trifida f. ericetorum 1928 form = het. Corallorhiza trifida var. integra 1914 variety = het. Corallorhiza trifida f. integra 1928 form = het. Corallorhiza trifida f. suaveolens 1950 form = het. Corallorhiza trifida var. verna 1946 variety = het. Corallorhiza trifida f. verna 2006 form = het. Corallorhiza trifida subsp. virescens 1996 subspecies = het. Corallorhiza trifida var. virescens 1941 variety = het. Corallorhiza verna 1823 species = het. Corallorhiza virescens 1843 species = het. Corallorhiza wyomingensis 1931 species = het. Cymbidium corallorhiza 1800 species ≡ hom. Epidendrum corallorhizon 1810 species ≡ hom. Epipactis corallorhiza 1769 species ≡ hom. Helleborine corallorhiza 1793 species ≡ hom. Neottia corallorhiza 1891 species ≡ hom. Ophrys corallorhiza 1753 species ≡ hom. Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym; = heterotypic synonym
References
External links
Jepson Manual Treatment - Corallorhiza trifida