Margolis is a surname that, like its variants shown below, is derived from the Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation of the Hebrew word (), meaning 'pearl'. Notable people with the surname include:

Alisa Margolis (born 1975), Ukrainian artist based in Berlin Barbara Margolis (1929–2009), prisoners' rights advocate and official greeter of New York City Char Margolis, American spiritualist Cindy Margolis (born 1965), American model David Margolis (industrialist) (1930–2008), American industrialist Ephraim Zalman Margolis (1762–1828), Galician rabbi born in Brody Eric Margolis (journalist) (born 1942/43), American-born journalist Eric Margolis (sociologist) (born 1947), American sociologist at the Arizona State University Esther Margolis, president of Newmarket Publishing and Communications and Newmarket Press Gavriel Zev Margolis (1847–1935), Orthodox rabbi in the United States Gwen Margolis (1934–2020), American politician Helen Margolis, British physicist Henry M. Margolis (1909–1989), New York industrialist, theatrical producer, and philanthropist Howard Margolis (1932–2009), American social scientist Isaac Margolis (1842–1887), Russian-Polish rabbi and author Jack S. Margolis, author of several books about recreational drugs James Margolis (born 1936), American Olympic fencer Jane Margolis, American social scientist Jeff Margolis (1946–2025), American television director and producer Joseph Margolis (1924–2021), American philosopher Judith Margolis (born 1944), Israel-based American artist Kitty Margolis (born 1955), American jazz singer Laurie Margolis (born 1950), BBC journalist Lawrence S. Margolis (1935–2017), American judge Leo Margolis (1927–1997), Canadian parasitologist Mark Margolis (1939–2023), American actor Max Margolis (1866–1932), Lithuanian-born American philologist Maxine Margolis, American anthropologist Rachel Margolis (1921–2015), Ph.D., author of A Partisan from Vilna Seth Margolis, American novelist Zoe Margolis (born 1972), blogger of Girl with a One-Track Mind Al Margolis, noise music artist known by the pseudonym If, Bwana Barbara Margolis, maiden name of Barbara Roche (born 1954), UK Labour politician Reid Margolis or DJ Reid Speed, drum and bass and 2-step DJ from New York City

See also