A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Wednesday, August 11, 1999, with a magnitude of 1.0286. This was one of the most-viewed total solar eclipses in human history. A solar eclipse is when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the light of the sun for a viewer on earth. A total solar eclipse is when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into night. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 3.5 days after perigee (on August 8, 1999, at 0:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.
It was the first total eclipse visible from Europe since July 22, 1990, and the first visible in the United Kingdom since June 29, 1927.
The path of the Moon's shadow began in the Atlantic Ocean roughly south of Nova Scotia, and was later traversing the southwest United Kingdom (Cornwall and Devon), part of the British crown dependency Guernsey, northern France, the southern edge of Belgium, Luxembourg, southern Germany, Austria, the extreme northeastern tip of Slovenia, Hungary, and northern Yugoslavia (Vojvodina). The eclipse's maximum was at 11:03 UTC at in RomaniaStavinschi, M., National Seminar" The total solar Eclipse of August 11, 1999. Interdisciplinary approach, Bucharest, October 15, 1998 in: Romanian Astron. J., vol.8, N.2, p.146 (1998)Scientific session " Eclipsa 99", Romanian Astronomical Journal, vol.9, N.1, p.103 (1999)Stavinschi, M., The maximum of the last eclipse of the Millenium was in Romania, Romanian Astronomical Journal, vol.9, N.2, p.109- 114, 1999 near the town of Râmnicu Vâlcea. From there, it continued across Romania, including its capital Bucharest, then traversing northeast Bulgaria, the Black Sea, Turkey, the northeastern tip of Syria, northern Iraq, Iran, southern Pakistan, south-central India, and ended in the Bay of Bengal.
A partial eclipse was visible for parts of eastern Canada, Greenland, all of Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, South Asia, and western China.
Observations
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Because of the high population densities in areas of the path, this was one of the most-viewed total solar eclipses in human history; although some areas in the path of totality (mainly in Western Europe) offered impaired visibility due to adverse weather conditions.
Some of the organized eclipse-watching parties along the path of totality set up video projectors on which people could watch the Moon's shadow as it raced towards them. There was substantial coverage on international TV stations of the progress of the eclipse shadow. The Moon's shadow was also observed from the Russian Mir space station; during the eclipse, video from Mir was broadcast live on television.
The BBC concentrated its coverage efforts on the first landfall of the shadow across the western end of Cornwall (from St Ives to Lizard), which was packed with an extraordinary number of visitors, although Cornwall did not have nearly as many spectators as expected leading many organised events to host smaller audiences than anticipated. The veteran amateur astronomer, broadcaster and eclipse-watcher Patrick Moore was brought in to head a live programme, but the eclipse was clouded out. BBC One also produced a special version of their Balloon Idents for the event. The BBC did not have a presence at Goonhilly on the Lizard Peninsula, one of the few places in Cornwall where the clouds parted just in time for the total eclipse to be visible. There was extensive cloud in Perranporth which parted just in time, allowing the very large crowd that had filled the beach and hillsides to witness the event. Some of the best viewing conditions were to be had mid-Channel, where ferries were halted in calm conditions to obtain an excellent view. Hundreds of people who gathered on the island of Alderney also experienced the event. Also at sea, many of the Fastnet fleet contestants encountered totality crossing the Celtic Sea on their way to the Fastnet Rock. A gathering of several thousand people at the airport in Soissons, France, which was on the path of totality, were denied all but a few fleeting glimpses of the eclipse through the overcast sky. The clouds cleared completely just a few minutes after the eclipse. In contrast, the overcast sky in Amiens, France, where thousands had gathered, cleared only minutes before the eclipse began. Further inland, viewing conditions were also perfect at Vouziers, a French country town gridlocked by Belgian cars from day-visitors. The patchy cloud covering cleared a short time before the shadow arrived. Some photos from Vouziers were used on the subsequent BBC Sky at Night programme. The San Francisco Exploratorium featured a live webcast from a crowded town square in Amasya, Turkey. Doordarshan, the national TV channel in India, broadcast live coverage from Srikakulam, hosted by TV personality Mona Bhattacharya. A Bulgarian Air Force MiG-21 two-seater was used by the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences to study the solar corona. The MiG-21, flying at 1600–1700 km/h (1000 to 1100 mph) (Mach 1.4-1.5) at an altitude of 13,000 metres (43,000 feet), was able to stay in the moon's umbra for 6 minutes. The photographer, an air force pilot, used two film cameras, both fitted with 200 mm lenses and infrared filters, and one Digital8 video camera. Hungary's most popular tourist destination, Lake Balaton and its surrounding area, fell into the path of the eclipse entirely, which made the area even more popular for the day. The motorway leading to the city was so crowded that many people had to watch the eclipse while caught in a traffic jam. One French and two British Concordes briefly followed the eclipse with tourists on board. The BBC was filming one of its episodes for the TV series Airport that day and, during the show, resident press officers Russell Clisby and Steve Meller took photographs of the eclipse at Heathrow Airport, as well as Aeroflot supervisor Jeremy Spake witnessing the eclipse on a special charter flight. RTS, the national public broadcaster of Serbia, urged people to remain inside, citing dangers to public health. This caused the streets of all Serbian cities, towns and villages to be entirely deserted during the eclipse (97% of Serbs stayed inside), with many opting to watch it on TV instead. The BMJ, a month after the eclipse, reported only 14 cases of eye damage in the UK from improper viewing of the eclipse - a number lower than initially feared. In one of the most serious cases the patient had looked at the Sun without eye protection for twenty minutes, but overall the public health campaign had succeeded.
Eclipse timing Places experiencing total eclipse Solar Eclipse of August 11, 1999(Local Times)Country or territory City or placeStart of partial eclipseStart of total eclipseMaximum eclipseEnd of total eclipseEnd of partial eclipseDuration of totality (min:s)Duration of eclipse (hr:min)Maximum magnitude Plymouth 09:58:24 11:13:02 11:13:53 11:14:44 12:34:05 1:42 2:36 1.0061 Saint Anne 09:59:45 11:15:28 11:16:18 11:17:09 12:37:24 1:41 2:38 1.0058 Châlons-en-Champagne 11:06:52 12:25:50 12:26:14 12:26:38 13:48:49 0:48 2:42 1.0013 Arlon 11:09:15 12:28:05 12:28:37 12:29:09 13:50:45 1:04 1.002 Differdange 11:09:14 12:27:49 12:28:44 12:29:39 13:51:00 1:50 1.0063 Esch-sur-Alzette 11:09:20 12:27:57 12:28:53 12:29:49 13:51:10 1:52 1.0066 Luxembourg 11:09:36 12:28:28 12:29:07 12:29:47 13:51:19 1:19 1.0029 Saarbrücken 11:10:31 12:29:27 12:30:32 12:31:36 13:53:02 2:09 2:43 1.0102 Kaiserslautern 11:11:41 12:31:22 12:31:47 12:32:12 13:54:08 0:50 2:42 1.0013 Offenburg 11:11:22 12:31:46 12:32:09 12:32:32 13:55:14 0:46 2:44 1.0011 Neustadt an der Weinstraße 11:12:08 12:31:48 12:32:23 12:32:58 13:54:49 1:10 2:43 1.0023 Speyer 11:12:32 12:32:21 12:32:53 12:33:26 13:55:20 1:05 1.002 Sindelfingen 11:12:59 12:32:46 12:33:54 12:35:02 13:56:47 2:16 2:44 1.0124 Stuttgart 11:13:16 12:33:03 12:34:12 12:35:20 13:57:02 2:17 1.0137 Munich 11:16:29 12:37:21 12:38:26 12:39:30 14:01:35 2:09 2:45 1.0091 Freising 11:16:50 12:37:29 12:38:38 12:39:46 14:01:35 2:17 1.0119 Rosenheim 11:17:13 12:38:40 12:39:28 12:40:17 14:02:47 1:37 2:46 1.0043 Salzburg 11:18:36 12:40:03 12:41:06 12:42:08 14:04:20 2:05 1.0079 Eferding 11:20:17 12:42:02 12:42:35 12:43:08 14:05:21 1:06 2:45 1.002 Linz 11:20:42 12:42:50 12:43:03 12:43:15 14:05:46 0:25 1.0005 Graz 11:22:15 12:45:06 12:45:41 12:46:16 14:09:04 1:10 2:47 1.0021 Szeged 11:30:11 12:53:30 12:54:41 12:55:52 14:17:30 2:22 1.0125 Ploiești 12:41:11 14:05:42 14:06:24 14:07:06 15:27:56 1:24 1.0031 Bucharest 12:41:32 14:05:55 14:07:07 14:08:19 15:28:51 2:24 1.0142 Diyarbakır 13:15:39 14:39:28 14:40:10 14:40:51 15:56:26 1:23 2:41 1.0034 Erbil 14:25:30 15:47:31 15:48:27 15:49:23 17:02:37 1:52 2:37 1.008 Sulaymaniyah 14:29:13 15:50:28 15:51:27 15:52:26 17:04:46 1:58 2:36 1.0105 Isfahan 15:14:56 16:32:50 16:33:36 16:34:22 17:43:14 1:32 2:28 1.0061 Karachi 16:18:13 17:26:01 17:26:38 17:27:15 18:27:30 1:14 2:09 1.0081 Vadodara 16:57:05 18:01:11 18:01:42 18:02:13 18:59:36 1:02 2:03 1.0073References:
Places experiencing partial eclipse Solar Eclipse of August 11, 1999(Local Times)Country or territory City or placeStart of partial eclipseMaximum eclipseEnd of partial eclipseDuration of eclipse (hr:min)Maximum coverage Halifax 06:11:35 (sunrise) 06:33:47 07:31:21 1:20 91.77% St. John's 06:09:22 07:06:10 08:07:41 1:58 91.68% Dublin 09:59:49 11:12:56 12:30:24 2:31 91.23% London 10:03:43 11:20:02 12:40:10 2:36 96.58% Paris 11:04:16 12:22:59 13:45:26 2:41 99.40% Brussels 11:08:17 12:26:27 13:47:35 2:39 97.42% Amsterdam 11:10:16 12:27:29 13:47:20 2:37 91.96% Frankfurt 11:13:21 12:33:12 13:55:02 2:42 97.97% Zurich 11:11:41 12:33:19 13:57:08 2:45 97.24% Berlin 11:21:21 12:40:03 13:59:24 2:38 87.17% Prague 11:21:33 12:42:30 14:03:50 2:42 94.63% Rome 11:17:24 12:42:48 14:09:02 2:52 80.25% Ljubljana 11:20:35 12:44:32 14:08:42 2:48 96.70% Vienna 11:23:58 12:46:41 14:09:07 2:45 99.27% Zagreb 11:23:01 12:47:23 14:11:27 2:48 97.06% Bratislava 11:25:09 12:47:59 14:10:18 2:45 98.94% Warsaw 11:32:24 12:51:37 14:09:41 2:37 82.67% Budapest 11:28:17 12:51:47 14:14:07 2:46 99.41% Sarajevo 11:27:26 12:53:22 14:17:54 2:50 92.53% Belgrade 11:30:57 12:56:28 14:19:59 2:49 97.73% Sofia 12:37:05 14:03:58 15:27:29 2:50 93.75% Chișinău 12:45:37 14:08:42 15:27:54 2:42 91.47% Ankara 12:58:20 14:25:06 15:45:09 2:47 96.72% Yerevan 15:21:01 16:42:12 17:55:37 2:35 91.22% Baghdad 14:30:53 15:54:02 17:07:48 2:37 94.01% Tehran 15:09:44 16:28:04 17:37:53 2:28 93.48% Kuwait City 13:44:26 15:05:17 16:16:23 2:32 87.97% Dubai 15:03:45 16:19:15 17:25:35 2:22 87.05% New Delhi 16:51:14 17:53:39 18:50:09 1:59 78.90% Dhaka 17:32:22 18:28:38 18:34:59 (sunset) 1:03 79.92%References:
Gallery
Eclipse details Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the Moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.