The genus Pinguicula contains the 126 species of butterworts, belonging to the bladderwort family (Lentibulariaceae). Species are distributed across the subarctic and temperate Northern Hemisphere, in the tropical Americas from Mexico to Bolivia, and to southern Argentina and central and southern Chile. Over half of the species are concentrated in Mexico and Central America.
Accepted species 126 species are currently accepted by Plants of the World Online.
Pinguicula acuminata Pinguicula agnata Pinguicula albida Pinguicula algida Pinguicula alpina Pinguicula antarctica Pinguicula apuana Pinguicula arvetii Pinguicula australandina Pinguicula baezensis Pinguicula balcanica Pinguicula benedicta Pinguicula bissei Pinguicula bustamanta Pinguicula caerulea Pinguicula calderoniae Pinguicula calyptrata Pinguicula caryophyllacea Pinguicula casabitoana Pinguicula casperi Pinguicula casperiana Pinguicula caussensis Pinguicula chilensis Pinguicula christinae Pinguicula colimensis Pinguicula conzattii Pinguicula corsica Pinguicula crassifolia Pinguicula crenatiloba Pinguicula crystallina Pinguicula cubensis Pinguicula cyclosecta Pinguicula debbertiana Pinguicula dertosensis Pinguicula ehlersiae Pinguicula elizabethiae Pinguicula elongata Pinguicula emarginata Pinguicula esseriana Pinguicula filifolia Pinguicula fiorii Pinguicula fontiqueriana Pinguicula gigantea Pinguicula gongshanensis Pinguicula gracilis Pinguicula grandiflora Pinguicula greenwoodii Pinguicula gypsicola Pinguicula habilii Pinguicula hemiepiphytica Pinguicula heterophylla Pinguicula hirtiflora Pinguicula hondurensis Pinguicula × hybrida Pinguicula ibarrae Pinguicula imitatrix Pinguicula immaculata Pinguicula infundibuliformis Pinguicula involuta Pinguicula ionantha Pinguicula jackii Pinguicula jaraguana Pinguicula jarmilae Pinguicula jaumavensis Pinguicula jimburensis Pinguicula kondoi Pinguicula lattanziae Pinguicula laueana Pinguicula lavalvae Pinguicula laxifolia Pinguicula leptoceras Pinguicula lignicola Pinguicula lilacina Pinguicula lippoldii Pinguicula lithophytica Pinguicula longifolia Pinguicula lusitanica Pinguicula lutea Pinguicula macroceras Pinguicula macrophylla Pinguicula mariae Pinguicula martinezii Pinguicula medusina Pinguicula mesophytica Pinguicula michoacana Pinguicula mirandae Pinguicula moaensis Pinguicula moctezumae Pinguicula moranensis Pinguicula mundi Pinguicula nahuelbutensis Pinguicula nevadensis Pinguicula nivalis Pinguicula oblongiloba Pinguicula olmeca Pinguicula ombrophila Pinguicula orchidioides Pinguicula orthoceras Pinguicula parvifolia Pinguicula pilosa Pinguicula planifolia Pinguicula poldinii Pinguicula primuliflora Pinguicula pumila Pinguicula pygmaea Pinguicula ramosa Pinguicula reichenbachiana Pinguicula reticulata Pinguicula robertiana Pinguicula rosmariae Pinguicula rotundiflora Pinguicula rzedowskiana Pinguicula saetabensis Pinguicula × scullyi Pinguicula sehuensis Pinguicula sharpii Pinguicula simulans Pinguicula spathulata Pinguicula takakii Pinguicula tejedensis Pinguicula utricularioides Pinguicula vallis-regiae Pinguicula vallisneriifolia Pinguicula villosa Pinguicula vulgaris Pinguicula warijia Pinguicula zamudioana Pinguicula zecheri
Casper's subgeneric classification Siegfried Jost Casper systematically divided them into three subgenera with 15 sections. Subsequent phylogenetic research showed that many of these groupings are polyphyletic, but they are used below.
Subgenus Isoloba
Section Agnata Pinguicula agnata Pinguicula albida Pinguicula benedicta Pinguicula cubensis Pinguicula filifolia Pinguicula gigantea Pinguicula infundibuliformis Pinguicula lithophytica Pinguicula pilosa
Section Cardiophyllum
Pinguicula crystallina Pinguicula hirtiflora Pinguicula habilii
Section Discoradix
Pinguicula casabitoana Pinguicula lignicola
Section Heterophyllum
Pinguicula acuminata Pinguicula conzattii Pinguicula heterophylla Pinguicula imitatrix Pinguicula kondoi Pinguicula mirandae Pinguicula parvifolia Pinguicula rotundiflora
Section Isoloba
Pinguicula caerulea – blue-flower butterwort Pinguicula ionantha – Godfrey's butterwort, violet butterwort Pinguicula lilacina Pinguicula lusitanica – pale butterwort Pinguicula lutea – yellow butterwort Pinguicula planifolia – Chapman's butterwort Pinguicula primuliflora – southern butterwort Pinguicula pumila – small butterwort Pinguicula sharpii Pinguicula takakii
Subgenus Pinguicula
Section Crassifolia
Pinguicula ehlersiae Pinguicula esseriana Pinguicula debbertiana Pinguicula jaumavensis
Section Homophyllum
Pinguicula greenwoodii Pinguicula jackii Pinguicula lippoldii Pinguicula caryophyllacea
Section Longitubus
Pinguicula calderoniae Pinguicula crassifolia Pinguicula hemiepiphytica Pinguicula laueana Pinguicula utricularioides
Section Nana
Pinguicula villosa – hairy butterwort
Section Orcheosanthus
Pinguicula colimensis Pinguicula cyclosecta Pinguicula elizabethiae Pinguicula gypsicola Pinguicula macrophylla Pinguicula mesophytica Pinguicula moctezumae Pinguicula moranensis Pinguicula oblongiloba Pinguicula orchidioides (synonym P. stolonifera) Pinguicula zecheri
Section Orchidioides
Pinguicula laxifolia
Section Pinguicula Pinguicula balcanica – Balkanian butterwort Pinguicula balcanica var. tenuilaciniata Pinguicula corsica Pinguicula grandiflora – large-flowered butterwort Pinguicula grandiflora subsp. rosea Pinguicula leptoceras Pinguicula longifolia – long-leaved butterwort Pinguicula longifolia causensis Pinguicula longifolia dertosensis Pinguicula longifolia reichenbachiana Pinguicula macroceras – California butterwort Pinguicula macroceras var. macroceras Pinguicula macroceras nortensis Pinguicula mundi Pinguicula nevadensis Pinguicula poldinii Pinguicula vallisneriifolia Pinguicula vulgaris – common butterwort
Subgenus Temnoceras
Section Ampullipalatum
Pinguicula antarctica Pinguicula calyptrata Pinguicula chilensis Pinguicula involuta Pinguicula jimburensis Pinguicula elongata Pinguicula ombrophilia
Section Micranthus
Pinguicula algida Pinguicula alpina – Alpine butterwort Pinguicula ramosa Pinguicula variegata
Section Temnoceras
Pinguicula clivorum Pinguicula crenatiloba Pinguicula emarginata Pinguicula gracilis Pinguicula immaculata
Incertae sedis Pinguicula chuquisacensis
References, external links, and further reading
Casper, S. J.: Monographie der Gattung Pinguicula, (Bibliotheca Botanica, Heft 127/128), 1966, Stuttgart
Schlauer, Jan: Carnivorous Plant Database , version Nov. 15, 16:25.
ca:Pinguicula sv:Tätörter