This is a list of the candidates for the offices of president of the United States and vice president of the United States of the Libertarian Party. Opponents who received over one percent of the popular vote or ran an official campaign that received Electoral College votes are listed. Offices held prior to Election Day are included, and those held on Election Day have an italicized end date.
List of Libertarian presidential tickets 1972 Presidentialnominee1972 (lost)Vice presidentialnomineeJohn Hospers of CA(1918–2011)Prior experience Professor of Philosophy
Higher education Central College, Iowa (BA) University of Iowa (MA) Columbia University (PhD)Prior experience Radio and television producer Activist
Higher education University of Oregon (BA)Tonie Nathan of OR(1923–2014)Opponent(s)Richard Nixon (Republican)George McGovern (Democratic)John Schmitz (AmericanIndependent)Electoral vote Nixon/Agnew: 520 (96.7%)If not for a faithless elector, Nixon and Agnew would have won 521 (96.8%) Electoral College votes. McGovern/Shriver: 17 (3.2%) Hospers/Nathan: 1 (0.2%)
Popular vote Nixon/Agnew: 47,168,710 (60.6%) McGovern/Shriver 29,173,222 (37.5%) Schmitz/Anderson: 1,100,868 (1.4%) Hospers/Nathan: 3,674 (0.0%)Opponent(s)Spiro Agnew (Republican)Sargent Shriver (Democratic)Thomas Anderson (AmericanIndependent)
1976 Presidentialnominee1976 (lost)Vice presidentialnomineeRoger MacBride of VT(1929–1995)Prior experience Vermont House of Representatives (1963–1965)
Higher education Princeton University (BA) Harvard University (JD)Prior experience Chair of the Libertarian National Committee (1977–1981)
Higher education Long Beach City College (attended) University of California, Los Angeles (BA) University of Southern California (JD)David Bergland of CA(1935–2019)Opponent(s)Jimmy Carter (Democratic)Gerald Ford (Republican)Electoral vote Electoral vote (President) Carter: 297 (55.2%) Ford: 240 (44.6%)If not for a faithless elector, Ford would have won 241 (44.8%) votes. Reagan: 1 (0.2%)
Electoral vote (Vice President) Mondale: 297 (55.2%) Dole: 241 (44.8%)
Popular vote Carter/Mondale: 40,831,881 (50.1%) Ford/Dole: 39,148,634 (48.0%) MacBride/Bergland: 172,557 (0.2%)Opponent(s)Walter Mondale (Democratic)Bob Dole (Republican)
1980 Presidentialnominee1980 (lost)Vice presidentialnomineeEd Clark of CA(1930–2025)Prior experience Lawyer
Higher education Dartmouth College (BA) Harvard University (JD)Prior experience Entrepreneur Philanthropist Activist
Higher education Massachusetts Institute of Technology (BS, MS)David Koch of KS(1940–2019)Opponent(s)Ronald Reagan (Republican)Jimmy Carter (Democratic)John B. Anderson (Independent)Electoral vote Reagan/Bush: 489 (90.9%) Carter/Mondale: 49 (9.1%)
Popular vote Reagan/Bush: 43,903,230 (50.7%) Carter/Mondale: 35,480,115 (41.0%) Anderson/Lucey: 5,719,850 (6.6%) Clark/Koch: 921,128 (1.1%)Opponent(s)George H. W. Bush (Republican)Walter Mondale (Democratic)Patrick Lucey (Independent)
1984 Presidentialnominee1984 (lost)Vice presidentialnomineeDavid Bergland of CA(1935–2019)Prior experience Chair of the Libertarian National Committee (1977–1981)
Higher education Long Beach City College (attended) University of California, Los Angeles (BA) University of Southern California (JD)Prior experience Party organizer
Higher education Babson College (BA)Jim Lewis of CT(1933–1997)Opponent(s)Ronald Reagan (Republican)Walter Mondale (Democratic)Electoral vote Reagan/Bush: 525 (97.6%) Mondale/Ferraro: 13 (2.4%)
Popular vote Reagan/Bush: 54,455,472 (58.8%) Mondale/Ferraro: 37,577,352 (40.6%) Bergland/Lewis: 228,111 (0.3%)Opponent(s)George H. W. Bush (Republican)Geraldine Ferraro (Democratic)
1988 Presidentialnominee1988 (lost)Vice presidentialnomineeRon Paul of TX(born 1935)Prior experience U.S. House of Representatives (1976–1977, 1979–1985)
Higher education Gettysburg College (BS) Duke University (MD)Prior experience Alaska House of Representatives (1985–1987)
Higher education Massachusetts Institute of Technology (BA)Andre Marrou of AK(born 1938)Opponent(s)George H. W. Bush (Republican)Michael Dukakis (Democratic)Electoral vote (President) Bush: 426 (79.2%) Dukakis: 111 (20.6%)A faithless elector swapped their votes for president and vice president in the Electoral College, otherwise the Dukakis/Bentsen ticket would have won 112 (20.8%) votes. Bentsen: 1 (0.2%)
Electoral vote (Vice President) Quayle: 426 (79.2%) Bentsen: 111 (20.6%) Dukakis: 1 (0.2%)
Popular vote Bush/Quayle: 48,886,097 (53.4%) Dukakis/Bentsen: 41,809,074 (45.7%) Paul/Marrou: 431,750 (0.5%)Opponent(s)Dan Quayle (Republican)Lloyd Bentsen (Democratic)
1992 Presidentialnominee1992 (lost)Vice presidentialnomineeAndre Marrou of AK(born 1938)Prior experience Alaska House of Representatives (1985–1987)
Higher education Massachusetts Institute of Technology (BA)Prior experience Activist
Higher education University of Maryland, College Park (BS) University of Maryland, Baltimore (MD) Georgetown University (JD)Nancy Lord of NV(1952–2022)Opponent(s)Bill Clinton (Democratic)George H. W. Bush (Republican)Ross Perot (Independent)Electoral vote Clinton/Gore: 370 (68.8%) Bush/Quayle: 168 (31.2%)
Popular vote Clinton/Gore: 44,909,806 (43.0%) Bush/Quayle: 39,104,550 (37.5%) Perot/Stockdale: 19,743,821 (18.9%) Marrou/Lord: 290,087 (0.3%)Opponent(s)Al Gore (Democratic)Dan Quayle (Republican)James Stockdale (Independent)
1996, 2000 Presidentialnominee1996 (lost), 2000 (lost)Vice presidentialnomineeHarry Browne of TN(1933–2006)Prior experience Author
Higher education NonePrior experience Professor
Higher education Baylor University (BS) Southern Methodist University (MBA) Clemson University (PhD)Jo Jorgensen of SC(born 1957)(1996)Prior experience Mayor of Bellflower, CA (1998–1999)
Higher education Cerritos College (BS)Art Olivier of CA(born 1957)(2000)Opponent(s)Bill Clinton (Democratic)Bob Dole (Republican)Ross Perot (Reform)Electoral vote Clinton/Gore: 379 (70.4%) Dole/Kemp: 159 (29.6%)
Popular vote Clinton/Gore: 47,401,185 (49.2%) Dole/Kemp: 39,197,469 (40.7%) Perot/Choate: 8,085,294 (8.4%) Browne/Jorgensen: 485,759 (0.5%)Opponent(s)Al Gore (Democratic)Jack Kemp (Republican)Pat Choate (Reform)Opponent(s)George W. Bush (Republican)Al Gore (Democratic)Ralph Nader (Green)Electoral vote Bush/Cheney: 271 (50.4%) Gore/Lieberman: 266 (49.4%)
Popular vote Gore/Lieberman: 50,999,897 (48.4%) Bush/Cheney: 50,456,002 (47.9%) Nader/LaDuke: 2,882,955 (2.7%) Browne/Olivier: 384,431 (0.4%)Opponent(s)Dick Cheney (Republican)Joe Lieberman (Democratic)Winona LaDuke (Green)
2004 Presidentialnominee2004 (lost)Vice presidentialnomineeMichael Badnarik of TX(1954-2022)Prior experience Radio show host
Higher education Indiana University, Bloomington (attended)Prior experience Activist
Higher education Brown University (BA) New York University (MA) St. John's University, New York (JD) Columbia University (MA) American College of Metaphysical Theology (PhD)Richard Campagna of IA(born 1960)Opponent(s)George W. Bush (Republican)John Kerry (Democratic)Electoral vote Bush: 286 (53.2%) Kerry: 251 (46.7%)A faithless elector voted Edwards for president and vice president in the Electoral College, otherwise Kerry would have won 252 (46.8%) votes. Edwards: 1 (0.2%)
Electoral vote (Vice President) Cheney: 286 (53.2%) Edwards: 252 (46.8%)
Popular vote Bush/Cheney: 62,040,610 (50.7%) Kerry/Edwards: 59,028,444 (48.3%) Badnarik/Campagna: 397,265 (0.3%)Opponent(s)Dick Cheney (Republican)John Edwards (Democratic)
2008 Presidentialnominee2008 (lost)Vice presidentialnomineeBob Barr of GA(born 1948)Prior experience U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Georgia (1986–1990) U.S. House of Representatives (1995–2003)
Higher education University of Southern California (BA) George Washington University (MA) Georgetown University (JD)Prior experience Political commentator
Higher education Columbia University (BA)Wayne Root of NV(born 1961)Opponent(s)Barack Obama (Democratic)John McCain (Republican)Electoral vote Obama/Biden: 365 (67.8%) McCain/Palin: 173 (32.2%)
Popular vote Obama/Biden: 69,498,516 (52.9%) McCain/Palin: 59,948,323 (45.7%) Barr/Root: 523,715 (0.4%)Opponent(s)Joe Biden (Democratic)Sarah Palin (Republican)
2012, 2016 Presidentialnominee2012 (lost), 2016 (lost)Vice presidentialnomineeGary Johnson of NM(born 1953)Prior experience Governor of New Mexico (1995–2003)
Higher education University of New Mexico (BS)Prior experience Jurist
Higher education University of California, Los Angeles (BA) University of Southern California (JD)Jim Gray of CA(born 1945)(2012)Prior experience United States Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division (1986–1988) U.S. Attorney for the District of Massachusetts (1981–1986) Governor of Massachusetts (1991–1997)
Higher education Harvard University (BA, JD) University College, Oxford (attended)Bill Weld of MA(born 1945)(2016)Opponent(s)Barack Obama (Democratic)Mitt Romney (Republican)Electoral vote Obama/Biden: 332 Romney/Ryan: 206
Popular vote Obama/Biden: 65,915,796 (51.1%) Romney/Ryan: 60,933,500 (47.2%) Johnson/Gray: 1,275,971 (1.0%)Opponent(s)Joe Biden (Democratic)Paul Ryan (Republican)Opponent(s)Donald Trump (Republican)Hillary Clinton (Democratic)Jill Stein (Green)Electoral vote (President)If not for faithless electors, Trump and Pence would have won 306 Electoral College votes each, while Clinton and Kaine would have won 232 votes. Trump: 304 (56.5%) Clinton: 227 (42.2%) Powell: 3 (0.6%) Kasich: 1 (0.2%) Paul: 1 (0.2%) Sanders: 1 (0.2%) Spotted Eagle: 1 (0.2%)
Electoral vote (Vice President) Pence: 305 (56.7%) Kaine: 227 (42.2%) Warren: 2 (0.4%) Cantwell: 1 (0.2%) Collins: 1 (0.2%) Fiorina: 1 (0.2%) LaDuke: 1 (0.2%)
Popular vote Clinton/Kaine: 65,853,516 (48.2%) Trump/Pence: 62,984,825 (46.1%) Johnson/Weld: 4,489,341 (3.3%) Stein/Baraka: 1,457,216 (1.1%)Opponent(s)Mike Pence (Republican)Tim Kaine (Democratic)Ajamu Baraka (Green)
2020 Presidentialnominee2020 (lost)Vice presidentialnomineeJo Jorgensen of SC(born 1957)Prior experience Professor
Higher education Baylor University (BS) Southern Methodist University (MBA) Clemson University (PhD)Prior experience Activist
Higher education NoneSpike Cohen of SC(born 1982)Opponent(s)Joe Biden(Democratic)Donald Trump(Republican)Electoral vote Biden/Harris: 306 (56.9%) Trump/Pence: 232 (43.1%) Jorgensen/Cohen: 0
Popular vote Biden/Harris: 81,268,924 (51.3%) Trump/Pence: 74,216,154 (46.9%) Jorgensen/Cohen: 1,865,724 (1.2%)Opponent(s)Kamala Harris(Democratic)Mike Pence(Republican)
2024 Presidentialnominee2024 (lost)Vice presidentialnomineeChase Oliver of GA(born 1985)Prior experience Activist
Higher education Georgia State University (attended)Prior experience Economist
Higher education Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (BS, MBA) George Washington University (MA, PhD)Mike ter Maat of VA(born 1961)Opponent(s) Donald Trump (Republican)Kamala Harris (Democratic)Jill Stein (Green)Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (Independent) Electoral vote Trump/Vance: 295 (54.8%) Harris/Walz: 226 (44.2%)
Popular vote Trump/Vance: 77,303,573 (49.9%) Harris/Walz: 75,019,257 (48.4%) Stein/Ware: 868,945 (0.6%) Kennedy/Shanahan: 757,371 (0.5%) Oliver/Ter Maat: 650,120 (0.4%)Opponent(s) JD Vance (Republican)Tim Walz (Democratic)Butch Ware (Green)Nicole Shanahan (Independent)
Vote percentages Map
See also Libertarian National Convention Electoral history of the Libertarian Party (United States) List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets List of United States Green Party presidential tickets
Notes
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